Table 1.
Demographic, anatomical, and neuropsychological information
| sMCI patients (n = 30) | pMCI patients (n = 19) | p values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.0 ± 5.3 | 76.7 ± 5.3 | 0.104 |
| Gender (males/females) | 14/16 | 8/11 | 0.777 |
| Educational level | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 0.934 |
| MMSE score | 27.9 ± 1.9 | 27.4 ± 2.0 | 0.455 |
| GDS | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 3.0 ± 0.0 | 1.000 |
| FAQ | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 1.8 ± 2.8 | 0.501 |
| GDS-SF | 3.8 ± 3.1 | 3.5 ± 3.8 | 0.647 |
| Immediate recall | 20.7 ± 8.2 | 10.0 ± 5.0 | 3.26 × 10−6* |
| Delayed recall | 8.6 ± 7.4 | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 7.18 × 10−5* |
| Rule shift cards | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 0.028* |
| Semantic fluency | 13.0 ± 2.8 | 11.6 ± 4.4 | 0.041* |
| Phonemic fluency | 10.8 ± 4.2 | 8.8 ± 4.1 | 0.119 |
| BNT | 50.4 ± 10.7 | 46.3 ± 9.4 | 0.510 |
| Clock drawing test (copy) | 7.6 ± 2.6 | 8.0 ± 4.2 | 0.600 |
| Clock drawing test (order) | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 7.4 ± 3.6 | 0.615 |
| Direct digit spam | 6.7 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.5 | 0.413 |
| Inverse digit spam | 4.7 ± 1.3 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 0.103 |
| VOSP | 6.7 ± 3.5 | 7.2 ± 3.1 | 0.593 |
| TMTA (time) | 78.7 ± 36.0 | 82.8 ± 33.6 | 0.580 |
| TMTA (accuracy) | 24.0 ± 0.6 | 23.8 ± 1.8 | 0.401 |
| TMTB (time) | 223.2 ± 107.8 | 258.4 ± 121.7 | 0.329 |
| TMTB (accuracy) | 20.1 ± 4.8 | 15.2 ± 8.6 | 0.050 |
| Ideomotor praxis | 7.3 ± 1.7 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 0.374 |
| Left hippocampal volume | 0.002217 ± 0.000508 | 0.001992 ± 0.000254 | 0.056 |
| Right hippocampal volume | 0.002197 ± 0.000466 | 0.001965 ± 0.000388 | 0.063 |
| Left entorhinal volume | 0.000527 ± 0.000100 | 0.000452 ± 0.000106 | 0.038* |
| Right entorhinal volume | 0.000481 ± 0.000072 | 0.000452 ± 0.000155 | 0.954 |
| Left parahippocampal volume | 0.000663 ± 0.000072 | 0.000596 ± 0.000169 | 0.153 |
| Right parahippocampal volume | 0.000645 ± 0.000113 | 0.000604 ± 0.000175 | 0.864 |
Mean ± SD values of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the sMCI and pMCI patients. MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; GDS, Global Deterioration Scale; FAQ, Functional Activity Questionnaire; GDS-SF, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form; BNT, Boston Naming Test; VOSP, Visual Object and Space Perception Battery; TMTA, Trail-Making Test part A; TMTB, Trail-Making Test part B. Educational level was grouped into five levels: 1, illiterate; 2, primary studies; 3, elemental studies; 4, high school studies; 5, university studies. p values for between-groups differences were introduced, and *p < 0.05. Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used for continuous variables (age, educational level, MMSE, or immediate and delayed recall) and Fisher's exact test for gender differences.