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. 2014 Nov 19;34(47):15631–15637. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1757-14.2014

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Contribution of downstream interneurons to the two opposite curving outputs. a, A wiring diagram of the ASER neuron and the downstream first-layer interneurons. The arrows indicate the synaptic connections, and the thickness of the arrows indicates the number of synapses between the neurons. b, Curving induced by phasic activation of the ASER neuron after preculture at either 25 (top) or 75 mm (bottom) in animals whose interneurons were ablated. JN1601 was used as control and JN1603, JN1604, JN1602, and JN1607 were used as interneuron-ablated strains. The numbers of animals for each bar were (top) 35, 34, 36, 30, 43, 41, 30, 30, 27, and 25; (bottom) 23, 25, 25, 32, 20, 29, 24, 28, 27, and 17. p values of statistical test between each strain and control JN1601 in ATR conditions were as follows: top, 6.67 × 10−9, 2.25 × 10−2, 1.00, 1.63 × 10−3; bottom, 1.00, 0.319, 0.321, 4.82 × 10−4 (***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, Dunnett's test). c, Curving induced by the phasic activation of downstream interneurons after preculture at different NaCl concentrations. Strains: AIY-ChR2, SRS281; AIA-ChR2, JN1605; AIB-ChR2, SRS291; AIA/AIB-ChR2, JN1608. Numbers of animals for each bar: AIY-ChR2, 25, 28, 30, 23, 30, and 25; AIA-ChR2, 33, 34, 23, 30, 36, and 30; AIB-ChR2, 32, 30, 24, 28, 26, and 28; AIA/AIB-ChR2, 27, 30, 38, 44, 24, and 17. The effects of concentration of preculture on curving bias were not significant in all strains: AIY-ChR2, F(2,155) = 0.615, p = 0.542; AIA-ChR2, F(2,180) = 0.203, p = 0.816; AIB-ChR2, F(2,162) = 0.744, p = 0.477; AIA/AIB-ChR2, F(2,174) = 1.09, p = 0.337; and the effects of the presence of ATR on curving bias were significant in AIY-ChR2 (F(1,155) = 189, p < 2 × 10−16) and AIA-ChR2 (F(1,180) = 12.1, p = 6.40 × 10−4), but were not significant in AIB-ChR2 (F(1,162) = 0.435, p = 0.511) and AIA/AIB-ChR2 (F(1,174) = 0.518, p = 0.473, 2-way ANOVA). p values of statistical tests between ATR and No ATR in each preculture condition in AIY-ChR2 are 1.00 × 10−11, 2.02 × 10−7, and 3.15 × 10−13. p values of statistical tests between ATR and No ATR in each preculture condition in AIA-ChR2 are 3.86 × 10−2, 5.66 × 10−3, and 0.372 (Student's t test). d, A possible neural mechanism that generates bidirectional klinotaxis in salt chemotaxis. Information from the ASER salt-sensing neurons is mediated by AIY neurons and other unknown pathways.