Table 1.
Sample characteristics and construct variables in patients with chronic heart failure[Mean ± SD or n(%)].
| Variables | Total (n = 210) | Men (n = 96) | Women (n = 114) | χ2/t |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 62.3 ± 12.8 | 62.4 ± 12.5 | 62.2 ± 13.1 | 0.082 |
| Residence (urban) | 133 (63.3) | 68 (70.8) | 65 (57.0) | 4.284∗ |
| Marital status (married) | 173 (82.4) | 86 (89.6) | 87 (76.3) | 6.320∗ |
| Job (employed) | 121 (57.6) | 53 (55.2) | 68 (59.6) | 0.421 |
| Education (≥high school) | 126 (60.0) | 72 (75.0) | 54 (47.4) | 16.579∗∗ |
| Monthly income (≥¥3000)a | 59 (28.1) | 32 (33.3) | 27 (23.7) | 2.402 |
| NYHA | 3.217 | |||
| Class Ⅱ | 102 (48.6) | 53 (55.2) | 49 (43.0) | |
| Class Ⅲ | 76 (36.2) | 31 (32.3) | 45 (39.5) | |
| Class Ⅳ | 32 (15.2) | 12 (12.5) | 20 (17.5) | |
| Self-care maintenance | 53.7 ± 14.5 | 51.4 ± 14.8 | 55.6 ± 14.1 | −2.066∗ |
| Self-care management | 57.1 ± 12.4 | 58.3 ± 11.4 | 56.0 ± 13.2 | 1.351 |
| Self-care confidence | 56.6 ± 15.2 | 58.4 ± 14.9 | 55.0 ± 15.3 | 1.610 |
| Knowledge of heart failure | 6.9 ± 1.4 | 6.9 ± 1.3 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 0.265 |
| Social support | 64.8 ± 6.2 | 65.7 ± 6.1 | 64.0 ± 6.1 | 2.005∗ |
| Illness perception | 117.6 ± 12.1 | 117.3 ± 12.2 | 117.8 ± 12.1 | −0.336 |
Note: M, Mean; SD, standard deviation; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01.
a
¥3000 = approximately $450.