Table 1.
Characteristics of women by cognitive status [mean ± SD or count (column percent)]
| Characteristic | Control Group (N = 2305) | MCI Cases (N = 165) | PD Cases (N = 387) | Overall P Value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) at last cognitive assessment, mean ± SD | 81.4 ± 5.1 | 81.7 ± 5.7 | 81.7 ± 4.9 | 0.45 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.15 | |||
| High school or less | 660 (28.7) | 57 (34.6) | 128 (33.2) | |
| Some college | 943 (41.0) | 66 (40.0) | 140 (36.3) | |
| College graduate | 700 (30.4) | 42 (25.5) | 118 (30.6) | |
| Race-ethnicity n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| African American | 164 (7.1) | 25 (15.2) | 42 (10.9) | |
| Hispanic | 41 (1.8) | 8 (4.9) | 11 (2.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2033 (88.2) | 128 (77.6) | 323 (83.5) | |
| Other/unknown | 67 (2.9) | 4 (2.4) | 11 (2.8) | |
| WHI HT assignment, n (%) | 0.054 | |||
| Hormone therapy | 1134 (49.2) | 75 (45.5) | 213 (55.0) | |
| Placebo | 1171 (50.8) | 90 (54.6) | 174 (45.0) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28.7 ± 5.8 | 28.4 ± 5.8 | 27.8 ± 5.5 | 0.023 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 179 (7.8) | 16 (9.8) | 43 (11.1) | 0.068 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1113 (48.3) | 96 (58.2) | 220 (56.9) | <0.001 |
| Stroke n (%) | 29 (1.3) | 8 (4.9) | 10 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| MI, n (%) | 72 (3.1) | 7 (4.2) | 20 (5.2) | 0.11 |
| Coronary revascularization, n (%) | 60 (2.6) | 3 (1.9) | 18 (4.8) | 0.055 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 0.74 | |||
| Current | 130 (5.7) | 11 (6.8) | 21 (5.6) | |
| Former | 892 (39.1) | 61 (37.4) | 135 (35.8) | |
| Never | 1258 (55.2) | 91 (55.8) | 221 (58.6) | |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 0.0036 | |||
| Never | 286 (12.5) | 24 (14.6) | 59 (15.5) | |
| Past | 438 (19.1) | 32 (19.4) | 92 (24.2) | |
| < 1 drink/week | 745 (32.5) | 71 (43.0) | 112 (29.4) | |
| 1 to <7 drinks/week | 550 (24.0) | 23 (13.9) | 79 (20.7) | |
| ≥ 7 drinks/week | 272 (11.9) | 15 (9.1) | 39 (10.2) | |
| APOE genotype (imputed), n (%)† | <0.001‡ | |||
| ɛ2/ɛ2 | 11 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| ɛ2/ɛ3 | 244 (12.9) | 14 (12.4) | 26 (8.7) | |
| ɛ2/ɛ4 | 50 (2.7) | 2 (1.8) | 7 (2.4) | |
| ɛ3/ɛ3 | 1201 (63.5) | 61 (54.0) | 132 (44.3) | |
| ɛ3/ɛ4 | 354 (18.7) | 32 (28.3) | 114 (38.3) | |
| ɛ4/ɛ4 | 30 (1.6) | 4 (3.5) | 18 (6.0) |
MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; PD = probable dementia; SD = standard deviation; HT = hormone therapy; BMI = body mass index; MI = myocardial infarction; APOE = Apolipoprotein E
*
P values were calculated for comparison of characteristics across the three cognitive impairment groups based on 1) means and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), or 2) distribution of counts and chi-square for data cross-classified by nominal variables into contingency tables (r rows x c columns)
†
Non-Hispanic whites only
‡
P value for comparison between high risk as defined by (ɛ3/ɛ4 or ɛ4/ɛ4) and low risk (ɛ2/ɛ2, ɛ2/ɛ3, or ɛ3/ɛ3)