Table 2. Nutrient intake data expressed as a unit per day from beginning to end of first-year university in male (n = 50) and female (n = 210) students.

Nutrient	Beginning	End	Sex p and η2*	Time p and η2*	Interaction p and η2*
Energy (kcal)			<0.001; 0.22	0.30; 0.004	0.55; 0.001
Male	2529 ± 797	2124 ± 665
Female	1722 ± 627	1463 ± 521
Fat (g)			<0.001; 0.19	0.48; 0.002	0.51; 0.002
Male	100.6 ± 33	84.4 ± 27
Female	70.2 ± 28	58.4 ± 24
Saturated Fat (g)			<0.001; 0.14	0.37; 0.003	0.29; 0.004
Male	33.2 ± 12	27.1 ± 10
Female	23.1 ± 9	19.6 ± 9
Protein (g)			<0.001; 0.26	0.99; <0.001	0.28; 0.005
Male	100.6 ± 35	81.1 ± 27
Female	66.5 ± 25	52.7 ± 20
Carbohydrates (g)			<0.001; 0.17	0.24; 0.005	0.38; 0.003
Male	302.4 ± 108	244.2 ± 92
Female	217.6 ± 79	175.4 ± 65
Fibre (g)			<0.001; 0.15	0.36; 0.003	0.21; 0.006
Male	24.5 ± 12	19.2 ± 12
Female	16.8 ± 6	13.3 ± 6
Total Sugars (g)			<0.001; 0.099	0.46; 0.002	0.11; 0.010
Male	140.0 ± 62	107.1 ± 47
Female	100.9 ± 48	81.5 ± 37
Sodium (mg)			<0.001; 0.19	0.91; <0.001	0.71; 0.001
Male	4029.4 ± 1339	3441.2 ± 1033
Female	2868.8 ± 1089	2386.4 ± 934
Calcium (mg)			<0.001; 0.11	0.81; <0.001	0.16; 0.008
Male	1309.9 ± 565	1025.3 ± 408
Female	953.5 ± 402	769.1 ± 325
Iron (mg)			<0.001; 0.30	0.47; 0.002	0.009; 0.026
Male	19.3 ± 7	15.0 ± 6
Female	12.1 ± 4	9.6 ± 4
Alcohol (ethanol) (mg)			0.001; 0.04	<0.001; 0.11	0.011; 0.025
Male	7.9 ± 12	13.8 ± 17
Female	5.1 ± 9	7.3 ± 9

All results are shown as mean ± SD

* Significance from 2-way RMANOVA (Group: sex; Time: beginning to end), significantly different with P value ≤0.05, and effect size was determined by partial eta-squared.

Energy, fat, saturated fat, protein, carbohydrate, fibre, sugars, sodium, calcium and iron with living arrangement as a covariate; Saturated fat with vigorous physical activity as a covariate; Iron with light physical activity as a covariate.