Table 3. Independent and additive associations of the individual risk indicators with externalizing problems.

	Independent Effects				Additive Effects
	Dichotomous Scores		Continuous Scores		Dichotomous Scores		Continuous Scores
	B	R2	B	R2	B	R2	B	R2
Money unpredictability	0.23**	0.05	0.27***	0.07	0.14		0.19*
Meal unpredictability	0.12	0.02	0.19*	0.04	-0.03		-0.02
Hunger problems	0.24***	0.06	0.19**	0.04	0.11		0.01
Family stress	0.17*	0.03	0.25***	0.06	0.11		0.16*
Family violence	0.12	0.01	0.07	0.01	0.03		-0.02
Harsh discipline	0.21**	0.04	0.28***	0.08	0.15		0.23**
Low maternal sensitivity	0.07	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.03		0.02
Maternal psychopathology	0.23**	0.05	0.24***	0.06	0.11		0.09
Maternal cocaine use	0.08	0.01	0.06	0.00	-0.04		-0.11
Maternal alcohol use	0.21**	0.04	0.20**	0.04	0.12		0.10
Maternal tobacco use	0.15*	0.02	0.17*	0.03	0.09		0.07
Maternal education	0.06	0.00			0.03		0.01
Total						0.17		0.21

Note: Results using the proportion score and z-score indicators were identical. To simplify the presentation of results, these estimates are provided only once (referred to above as continuous scores).

*p < .05

**p < .01

***p < .001