Table 1.

Clinical and demographic characteristics of surveyed patients who received antimicrobial drugs and those who did not receive antimicrobial drugs*

Characteristics	Total n=820	Received antimicrobial drugs n=275	Did not receive antimicrobial drugs n=545	P value†
Age, year, median (IQR)	70 (55–80)	69 (54–80)	71 (56–80)	0.51
Women	380 (46.3)	126 (45.8)	254 (46.6)	1.00
Residence before the index admission‡
Home	747 (91.1)	261 (94.9)	486 (89.2)	0.01
Nursing care facility	27 (3.3)	7 (2.5)	20 (3.7)	0.54
Other hospitals	23 (2.8)	6 (2.2)	17 (3.1)	0.51
Medical history
Ischaemic heart disease	57 (7.0)	19 (6.9)	38 (7.0)	1.00
Stroke	89 (10.9)	25 (9.1)	64 (11.7)	0.29
Dementia	39 (4.8)	11 (4.0)	28 (5.1)	0.60
Liver cirrhosis	19 (2.3)	6 (2.2)	13 (2.4)	1.00
Diabetes mellitus	150 (18.3)	53 (19.3)	97 (17.8)	0.63
Dialysis	26 (3.2)	13 (4.7)	13 (2.4)	0.09
Immunosuppressive drug use	107 (13.1)	41 (14.9)	66 (12.1)	0.27
Location in hospitals
Ward	777 (94.8)	255 (92.7)	522 (95.8)	0.07
Critical care unit	43 (5.2)	20 (7.3)	23 (4.2)	0.07
Central line in place on survey date	54 (6.6)	24 (8.7)	30 (5.5)	0.10
Peripheral line in place on survey date	284 (34.6)	149 (54.2)	135 (24.8)	<0.001
Urinary catheter in place on survey date	121 (14.8)	61 (22.2)	60 (11.0)	<0.001
Intubated or tracheal tube in place on survey date	25 (3.1)	17 (6.2)	8 (1.5)	<0.001
Drainage tube in place on survey date	49 (6.0)	27 (9.8)	22 (4.0)	0.002
Median days to survey date from admission (IQR)	9 (3–23)	6 (2–19)	10 (3–26)	<0.001

*Values are the numbers of patients; the numbers in parentheses are percentages of the total number of patients unless stated otherwise.

†The Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher’s exact test were used for comparison between patients who were and were not prescribed any antimicrobial drugs. The threshold for statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

‡Twenty-three patients who were born at the surveyed hospitals were excluded.