Table 1.
Mapping of study design and population characteristics
| Author | Study design | Population type | Sample size (Gender) | Age M (SD) |
| Abanobi et al,43 2015 | Epidemiological: case controlled | Welders in Owerri, Nigeria | 100 (male=100) | 35 (9) |
| Cary et al,42 2016 | Epidemiological: cross-sectional | Population of convenience in Esperance, Western Australia | 15 (male=7) | 44 (17) |
| Desouzart et al,17 2016 | Controlled pilot | Elderly participants in physical activity programme at Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Portugal | 20 (male=0) | 62 (4) |
| Gordon et al,13 2007 | Epidemiological: cross-sectional | Every third household in Port Lincoln in South Australia | 812 (male=261) | Female 61 (10) Male 59 (11) |
M = mean, SD = standard deviation