Table 1.

Articles remaining following initial screening step, in alphabetical order by first author

Article	Topic	Summary
Boyce et al.3*†	Sign-disease association	About 1/5 of patients with fever in highland Uganda had parasitemia. Severe malaria manifested as shock and lactic acidosis much more commonly than severe anemia. Severe malaria had age peaks at 2–3 years and in those older than 50 years.
Bruxvoort et al.6	Effect of diagnostics on management	Rapid tests improved appropriate treatment with artemisinin combination therapy for test-positive and negative cases, but many cases were not treated according to test results.
Cash-Goldwater et al.11	Infection risk factors	Brucellosis confirmed by blood culture, or 4-fold rise in microagglutination was confirmed or probable in 9% of febrile patients, mostly who attend animals but were not suspected by medical providers.
Kakio et al.12	Medication quality	Studies of dissolution and use of handheld Raman spectrophotometer device were useful in detecting substandard or falsified medications using the antihypertensive candesartan as a test product.
Fauver et al.13	Xenosurveillance	PCR detected Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Bacillus anthracis, Middle East respiratory syndrome–related Coronavirus, and Zika virus in the blood of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes fed on blood containing these pathogens.
Huang et al.14	Outbreak	Relatives and a physician who cared for two index cases with this phlebovirus showed a spectrum of infection from asymptomatic to severe disease.
Hussain et al.15	Sanitation	Use of size-appropriate potties to catch and dispose of fecal material in children aged 6–36 months rather than open defecation resulted in improved sanitation. Acceptance varied with shape and color of the potties.
Lago et al.8†	Geriatric treatment	Individuals aged 60–85 years responded equally compared with persons aged 18–40 years but had increased cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac overload.
Lai et al.16	Diagnostics	Plasmodium knowlesi was detected within 20 minutes with high sensitivity and specificity.
Mitchell et al.17	Refugee health	Refugees in three Thailand–Burma border camps were screened and treated for intestinal parasites, evaluated for chronic hepatitis B, and screened and treated for anemia in addition to receiving appropriate vaccines. Results were forwarded to receiving health-care officials in the United States.
Morris et al.7	Water purification	Water quality was improved with the use of ceramic filters (< 1 Escherichia coli/100 mL). Visits for diarrhea were fewer in households using filters, but the incidence of diarrhea was not decreased. Cryptosporidia were not detected in large volumes of filtered water, and only 2% with ceramic filters.
Oldenburg et al.9†	Mass treatment	Treatment with azithromycin in 90% of persons in communities compared with 80% decreased infection (detected by PCR) more rapidly, but at 36 months, results were similar.
Pandey et al.10	Pediatric treatment	Administration of a single dose of liposomal amphotericin in 100 children with visceral leishmaniasis in India resulted in a cure rate of 100% at 1 month and 98% at 6 months. Fever and chills were side effects, but no nephrotoxicity was noted.
Poespoprodjo et al.19	Antimalarials	Once-daily treatment for 3 days resulted in clearance of 97.7% of P. falciparum and 98.2% of P. vivax cases by day 2. Day 42 efficacy was 97.7% and 98.2%, respectively. No genes associated with resistance were detected.
Refai et al.18	Non-pharmacologic treatment	Single 30-second heat treatment to 50°C was compared with treatment with intralesional stibogluconate in solitary lesions. Clinical response was faster in heat-treated lesions at 8 and 10 weeks, but similar thereafter. Heat treatment was well tolerated, less expensive, and painful than repeated intralesional injections.

* Ultimate selection.

† Three finalists.