Table 5.
Summary of demographic, clinical features, and outcomes of Q fever cases
| Patient no. | Age (years) | Clinical presentation | Animal exposure | Date of symptom onset | Date of first titer | Case classification | Treatment (duration) | Outcome | Death (date) | Q fever contribution to death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50 | Febrile illness | Yes | April 15, 2000 | May 20, 2000 | Acutep | DOX + RIF (8 weeks) | Resolved | – | – |
| 2 | 49 | Febrile illness | Yes | February 25, 2001 | March 9, 2001 | Acutec | DOX + RIF (3 weeks) | Resolved | – | – |
| 3 | 38 | Febrile illness | Yes | February 4, 2004 | March 26, 2004 | Chronicc | DOX + CIP + CLQ + AZI + RIF (2005–2011); HCQ (2004–2010) | Endocarditis | Yes (January 3, 2011) | Yes |
| 4 | 44 | Febrile illness | No | February 4, 2004 | May 5,2004 | Acutep | DOX + RIF (30 days) | Resolved | Yes (August 13, 2017) | No |
| 5 | 69 | Febrile illness with dyspnea | No | May 11, 2004 | May 27, 2004 | Acutep | DOX (2 weeks) | Resolved | Yes (January 30, 2012) | No |
| 6 | 51 | Febrile illness | Yes | May 23, 2005 | June 7, 2005 | Acutec | DOX (2 weeks) | Resolved | – | – |
| 7 | 58 | Febrile illness | Yes | July 15, 2005 | August 1, 2005 | Acutec | DOX (2 weeks) | Resolved | Yes (November 17, 2016) | No |
| 8 | 42 | Febrile illness, headache, and low back pain | Yes | January 9, 2006 | January 23, 2006 | Acutec | DOX (2 weeks) | Resolved | Yes (August 21, 2017) | Unknown |
| 9 | 57 | Febrile illness with lymphadenopathy | Yes | December 28, 2006 | January 11, 2007 | Acutec to chronicc | DOX (2 weeks in 2007, and 2015–2016) and HCQ (2015–2016) | Endocarditis and endovascular infection (mycotic aortic pseudoaneurysm with rupture) | Yes (December 23, 2016) | Unknown |
| 10 | 49 | Febrile illness | No | February 8, 2007 | February 15, 2007 | Acutec | DOX (3 weeks) | Resolved | – | – |
| 11 | 53 | Febrile illness | Yes | April 9, 2010 | April 20, 2010 | Acutec | DOX (10 days) | Resolved | – | – |
| 12 | 58 | Febrile illness and retro-orbital eye pain | Yes | May 7, 2016 | May 18, 2016 | Acutec | DOX + HCQ (November 2, 2017–present, anticipated 18 months) | Persistently elevated titers | – | – |
| 13 | 48 | Chest pain, cough, and anorexia | Yes | April 1, 2016 | July 7, 2016 | Chronicc | DOX + HCQ (July 25, 2016–present, anticipated 2 years) | Endovascular infection (aberrant subclavian artery with carotid–subclavian bypass homograft) | – | – |
| 14 | 64 | Febrile illness with groin pain | No | April 7, 2014 | August 7, 2014 | Acutec to chronicc | DOX + HCQ (2014–2018) | Endovascular infection (infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm with endovascular repair and common iliac stent) | Yes (July 28, 2018) | Unknown |
| 15 | 58 | Febrile illness with severe migrating necrotizing pneumonia and eosinophilia | Yes | October 24, 2011 | October 28, 2011 | Acutec | DOX (November 18, 2011–August 21, 2017) | Persistently elevated titers | Yes (August 21, 17) | No |
| 16 | 68 | Febrile illness | Yes | February 10, 2016 | February 17, 2016 | Acutec | DOX (February 17, 2016–present) | Persistently elevated titers | – | – |
| 17 | 50 | Febrile illness | No | June 2, 16 | June 14, 2016 | Chronicc | DOX, HCQ (June 22, 2016–present) | Granulomatous hepatitis | – | – |
| 18 | 48 | Febrile illness with abdominal pain | Yes | August 1, 2007 | January 16, 2008 | Acutec | No treatment | Hospice | Yes, on hospice (September 30, 2009) | No |
| 19 | 48 | Febrile illness, confusion, palpitations, and knee pain | Yes | March 10, 2008 | April 17, 2008 | Acutec | DOX and LEV (both stopped because of side effects after 11 months) | Persistently elevated titers | Yes (October 23, 2015) | Unknown |
| 20 | 71 | Dyspnea with altered mental status | No | October 1, 2010 | December 20, 2010 | Acutep to chronicc | DOX + RIF (8 weeks) | Endocarditis and possible Q fever meningoencephalitis | Yes (February 21, 2011) | Yes |
Acutec = acute infection, confirmed; Acutep = acute infection, probable; AZI = azithromycin; Chronicc = chronic infection, confirmed; Chronicp = chronic infection, probable; CIP = ciprofloxacin; CLQ = chloroquine; DOX = doxycycline; HCQ = hydroxychloroquine; LEV = levofloxacin; RIF = rifampin; Q fever = query fever.