Table 4.

The association between baseline self-efficacy (1986) and subsequent all-cause mortality using proportional hazards models in the pooled sample (n = 3361)

	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI	HR	95 % CI
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4		Model 5
Self-efficacy (low)	1.23***	1.10–1.38	1.14*	1.02–1.28	1.14*	1.02–1.27	1.18**	1.04–1.34	1.10	0.96–1.26
Blacks	1.40***	1.23–1.60	1.22**	1.05–1.42	1.22**	1.05–1.42	1.37**	1.14–1.65	1.24*	1.03–1.48
Gender (women)	0.60***	0.53–0.69	0.58***	0.51–0.65	0.57***	0.51–0.65	0.58***	0.51–0.65	0.54***	0.47–0.62
Age	1.09***	1.09–1.10	1.09***	1.08–1.09	1.09***	1.08–1.09	1.09***	1.08–1.09	1.09***	1.08–1.10
Education			0.77***	0.68–0.87	0.76***	0.67–0.87	0.76***	0.67–0.86	0.86*	0.76–0.98
Income			0.74***	0.64–0.86	0.74***	0.64–0.86	0.74***	0.64–0.86	0.82*	0.69–0.97
Stressful life events (any)					1.09	0.95–1.24	1.09	0.95–1.24	1.03	0.90–1.19
Chronic medical conditions									1.16***	1.10–1.21
Obesity									1.04	0.89–1.22
Self-rated health (poor)									1.41***	1.20–1.65
Exercise									0.88***	0.83–0.94
Smoking									1.83***	1.56–2.14
Drinking									1.01	0.88–1.14
Depressive symptoms									1.08	0.87–1.33
Self-efficacy (low) × black							0.76*	0.59–0.98	0.71*	0.55–0.92

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001