Table 4.
The association of baseline variables with frailty state worsening (n = 162)
| Variables | Frailty state transition | P-value | RR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frailty state worsening [n (%)] | Frailty state improvement or constant [n (%)] | |||
| Age group | ||||
| ≥ 70 years | 40 (33.6) | 79 (66.4) | 0.002 | 1.36 (1.16–1.59) |
| 60–69 years | 4 (9.3) | 39 (90.7) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 26 (28) | 67 (72) | 0.79 | 1.04 (0.78–1.39) |
| Male | 18 (26.1) | 51 (73.9) | ||
| Nutritional status | ||||
| At risk of malnutrition and malnourished | 9 (34.6) | 17 (65.4) | 0.35 | 1.42 (0.68–2.95) |
| Normal | 35 (25.7) | 101 (74.3) | ||
| Functional status (ADL) | ||||
| Dependent | 14 (33.3) | 28 (66.7) | 0.29 | 1.34 (0.78–2.30) |
| Independent | 30 (25.0) | 90 (75.0) | ||
| Mental status | ||||
| Strong probability of depression and indicative of depression | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0.01 | 3.75 (1.25–11.21) |
| Normal | 37 (24.7) | 113 (75.3) | ||
| Quality of life | ||||
| Negative | 35 (33.7) | 69 (66.3) | 0.01 | 1.36 (1.09–1.68) |
| Positive | 9 (15.5) | 49 (84.5) | ||
| Comorbidities (CIRS-G score) | ||||
| ≥ 5 | 40 (26.0) | 114 (74.0) | 0.14 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) |
| < 5 | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | ||
| Polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs) | ||||
| Yes | 39 (29.3) | 94 (70.7) | 0.18 | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) |
| No | 5 (17.2) | 24 (82.8) | ||
| Gait speed | ||||
| Slow (< 0.8 m/s) | 19 (50.0) | 19 (50.0) | 0.00 | 2.68 (1.57–4.57) |
| Normal (≥0.8 m/s) | 25 (20.2) | 99 (79.8) | ||
| Handgrip strength | ||||
| Low | 34 (31.2) | 75 (68.8) | 0.09 | 1.22 (0.98–1.50) |
| Normal | 10 (18.9) | 43 (81.1) | ||