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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2019 Mar 23;50:55–65. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.012

Figure 1. Proteostasis systems are targeted by viruses.

Figure 1.

(a) Overview of the UPS. Ub ligases (green) add Ub (yellow) to client proteins (blue), which are then degraded by the proteasome. DUBs (red) remove Ub from the target protein, rescuing it from proteasomal degradation. (b) Viral PPIs (magenta) hijack normal APOBEC (blue) function. The normal function of the APOBECs is to hypermutate viral mRNA or ssDNA (green arrow). Viral proteins form PPIs with Ub ligases to either promote or inhibit APOBEC degradation. (c) The structure of IMB-301, which inhibits the HIV Vif-APOBEC PPI. See references in the main text. Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; VCBC, HIV viral infectivity factor PPI complex.