Table 1.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) item mappings of the 1) fear and dysphoria dimensions model and 2) five-factor dysphoric arousal model of lower-order symptom dimensions
| DSM-IV PTSD Symptom | Fear and Dysphoria Dimensions Model | Dysphoric Arousal Model of Lower-Order Symptom Dimensions |
|---|---|---|
| B1. Intrusive thoughts of trauma | F | R |
| B2. Recurrent dreams of trauma | F | R |
| B3. Flashbacks | F | R |
| B4. Emotional reactivity to trauma cues | F | R |
| B5. Physiological reactivity to trauma cues | F | R |
| C1. Avoiding thoughts of trauma | F | A |
| C2. Avoiding reminders of trauma | F | A |
| C3. Inability to recall aspects of trauma | D | N |
| C4. Loss of interest | D | N |
| C5. Detachment | D | N |
| C6. Restricted affect | D | N |
| C7. Sense of foreshortened future | D | N |
| D1. Sleep disturbance | D | DA |
| D2. Irritability | D | DA |
| D3. Difficulty concentrating | D | DA |
| D4. Hypervigilance | F | AA |
| D5. Exaggerated startle response | F | AA |
Note. DSM-IV = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. F = fear; D = dysphoria R = re-experiencing; A = avoidance; N = numbing; DA = dysphoric arousal; AA = anxious arousal.