Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the association of posttraumatic fear and dysphoria symptom dimension quintiles with incident hypertension in 2,709 trauma-exposed women, 1989 to 2013 assessments
| Fear Symptom Dimension Scores Per Quintile | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 0–1 | 2–4 | 5–8 | 9–14 | 15–36 | |
| Median | 0 | 3 | 6 | 11 | 19 | |
| Cases (n, person-y) | 331 (22,931) | 138 (7,912) | 131 (8,331) | 165 (9,161) | 160 (8,226) | |
| Crude incidence per 100,000 person-y | 1,443 | 1,744 | 1,572 | 1,801 | 1,945 | |
| HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
P-trenda | |
|
Model 1:
Minimally adjusted modelb |
1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.79–1.25) |
0.96 (0.77–1.20) |
1.11 (0.89–1.37) |
1.26 (1.02–1.57) |
.02 |
|
Model 2:
Model adjusted for biomedical and health behavior covariatesc |
1 (ref) | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) |
0.92 (0.73–1.17) |
1.09 (0.87–1.36) |
1.26 (1.00–1.58) |
.04 |
|
Model 3: Model adjusted for dysphoria symptom dimensiond |
1 (ref) | 0.98 (0.75–1.28) |
0.94 (0.71–1.24) |
1.12 (0.84–1.50) |
1.34 (0.96–1.87) |
.04 |
| Dysphoria Symptom Dimension Scores Per Quintile | ||||||
| Range | 0 | 1–3 | 4–7 | 8–13 | 14–32 | |
| Median | 0 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 17 | |
| Cases (n, person-y) | 370 (24,980) | 139 (7,861) | 129 (8,380) | 161 (8,472) | 126 (6,868) | |
| Crude incidence per 100,000 person-y | 1,481 | 1,768 | 1,539 | 1,900 | 1,835 | |
| HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) |
P-trenda | |
|
Model 1:
Minimally adjusted modelb |
1 (ref) | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) |
1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
1.15 (0.93–1.42) |
1.11 (0.88–1.40) |
.22 |
|
Model 2:
Model adjusted for biomedical and health behavior covariatesc |
1 (ref) | 1.00 (0.79–1.25) |
1.00 (0.79–1.27) |
1.16 (0.93–1.45) |
1.06 (0.83–1.35) |
.36 |
|
Model 3: Model adjusted for fear symptom dimensiond |
1 (ref) | 0.99 (0.76–1.29) |
0.94 (0.70–1.26) |
1.03 (0.76–1.39) |
0.87 (0.62–1.22) |
.43 |
Note. HR=hazard ratio. CI=confidence interval.
Tests for trend were performed using the median value of each quintile as a continuous variable in models.
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, parental education, maternal and paternal history of hypertension, and age 5 somatotype.
Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus oral contraceptive use, menopausal status, hormone therapy use, hypercholesterolemia, acetaminophen use, aspirin use, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, antidepressant use, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and diet quality.
Adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus the other PTSD symptom dimension quintiles.