Maheshwari 2015.

Trial name or title	Effect of cool vs. warm dialysate on toxin removal: rationale and study design
Methods	A single‐centre, randomised cross‐over study
Participants	Inclusion criteria Adult patients male or female (aged 21 to 70 years) Minimum dialysis vintage of 3 months Stable on HD Blood access capable of delivering the blood flow rate > 250 mL/min Exclusion criteria History of recurring or persistent hypotension in the past 1 month Pregnant woman Severely hypertensive patients (SBP > 180 mmHg and/or DBP > 115 mmHg) Severely hypotensive patients (SBP < 100 mmHg and/or DBP < 60 mmHg) Paradoxically hypertensive patients whose BP increases by > 20% of baseline during dialysis (in the past 1 month) History of recent myocardial infarction or unstable angina (within the past 6 months) Significant valvular disease, i.e. severe aortic stenosis and moderate‐severe mitral regurgitation Patients with end‐stage organ disease e.g. COPD, recent or debilitating CVA Patients with left ventricular dysfunction, chronic heart failure and older age group more than 70 years Patient with recent stroke (within the past 6 months) History of known arrhythmia Participation in another clinical intervention trial Unable to consent
Interventions	Intervention Cool dialysis with dialysate temperature at 35.5°C Control Warm dialysis with dialysate temperature at 37°C
Outcomes	IDH rate Lowest SBP during dialysis Urea clearance‐based dialysis adequacy (Kt/Vurea)
Starting date	July 2013
Contact information	Vaibhav Maheshwari LF Dialysis Center, National University Hospital, Singapore, SGN, Singapore, 298135
Notes