Table 3. Clinical findings associated with pathogens of diarrhea.

Clinical findings	Possible pathogens
Bloody diarrhea	STEC, Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Entamoeba histolytica, non-cholera Vibrio, Yersinia, Balantidium coli, Plesiomonas
Chronic diarrhea	Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, Cyclospora cayetanensis, Cystoisospora belli, Entamoeba histolytica
Abdominal pain	STEC, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Non-cholera Vibrio, Clostridioides difficile
Severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, mild or no fever	STEC, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica
Abdominal pain with fever (similar to appendicitis)	Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
Nausea and vomiting lasting ≤24 hours	S. aureus toxin or Bacillus cereus (emetic toxin)
Vomiting, 2–3 days of non-bloody diarrhea	Norovirus

STEC, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli.