Figure 5.

Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells promote proliferation and migration by incorporating exosomes derived from high‐grade bladder cancer cells. A, HUVECs were treated with 20 μg PKH67‐labeled exosomes derived from UM‐UC3 cells for 48 h. Photomicrographs of the cells were obtained under bright‐field illumination (left) and using a fluorescence microscope (middle). B, Proliferation of HUVECs treated with exosomes derived from UM‐UC‐3 cells (parent, empty, and CRKi) (red arrow) were counted under a microscope at the indicated time points and expressed as the mean ± SD of 3 independent experiments. Cells treated with PBS were used as a control (exos (–)). **P < .01. C, Migration of HUVECs treated with exosomes derived from UM‐UC‐3 cells with or without CRK were analyzed by chemotactic assay. The cells migrating through the filter were counted and depicted as the mean ± SD. **P < 0.01. D, In HUVECs treated without or with UM‐UC‐3‐derived exosomes (parent, empty, and CRKi), levels of expression and phosphorylation of the indicated proteins were investigated by immunoblotting