Table 5. Risk factors for extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in ulcerative colitis patients.
| Variables | Non-EIM group | EIM group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 0.675a | ||
| Male | 118 (49.2) | 14 (45.2) | |
| Female | 122 (50.8) | 17 (54.8) | |
| Age at diagnosis, n (%) | 0.011a | ||
| <40 years | 112 (46.7) | 7 (22.6) | |
| ≧40 years | 128 (53.3) | 24 (77.4) | |
| Disease duration, n (%) | 0.013a | ||
| <5 years | 84 (35) | 4 (12.9) | |
| ≧5 years | 156 (65) | 27 (87.1) | |
| Relapse, n (%) | 0.117b | ||
| First occurrence | 57 (23.8) | 6 (19.4) | |
| First recurrence | 47 (19.6) | 2 (6.5) | |
| Multiple recurrence | 136 (56.7) | 23 (74.2) | |
| Refractory clinical symptoms, n (%) | <0.001a | ||
| No | 204 (85.0) | 18 (58.1) | |
| Yes | 36 (15.0) | 13 (41.9) | |
| Weight loss, n (%) | 0.088a | ||
| No | 154 (64.2) | 15 (48.4) | |
| Yes | 86 (35.8) | 16 (51.6) | |
| History of surgery, n (%) | 0.208a | ||
| No | 210 (87.5) | 24 (77.4) | |
| Yes | 30 (12.5) | 7 (22.6) | |
| Family history, n (%) | 0.346a | ||
| No | 225 (93.8) | 28 (90.3) | |
| Family history of CRC or IBD | 5 (2.1) | 2 (6.5) | |
| Family history of other cancers | 10 (4.2) | 1 (3.2) | |
| Extent of UC, n (%) | 0.690b | ||
| E1 | 6 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| E2 | 124 (51.7) | 16 (51.6) | |
| E3 | 110 (45.8) | 15 (48.4) | |
| Steroids, n (%) | 0.511a | ||
| No | 92 (38.3) | 10 (32.3) | |
| Yes | 148 (61.7) | 21 (67.7) | |
| Immunomodulators, n (%) | 0.423a | ||
| No | 208 (86.7) | 29 (93.5) | |
| Yes | 32 (13.3) | 2 (6.5) | |
| Hb, n (%) | 0.024a | ||
| ≧90 g/L | 202 (84.2) | 21 (67.7) | |
| <90 g/L | 38 (15.8) | 10 (32.3) | |
| Alb, n (%) | 0.202a | ||
| ≧35 g/L | 90 (37.5) | 8 (25.8) | |
| <35 g/L | 150 (62.5) | 23 (74.2) |
Notes:
CRC, colorectal cancer; UC, ulcerative colitis; Hb, hemoglobin; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; Alb, Albumin.
a
Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test.
b
Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test.