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. 2019 Jun 24;4(3):364–384. doi: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.02.001

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© 2019 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Evaluation of Proliferating Cells in Vivo

(A) Immunostaining for Ki67 and isolectin B4 (Iso), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (sm-MYH), α–sarcomeric actinin (αSA), and vimentin (Vim) in the seeded grafts explanted at 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Coexpression of Ki67 with Iso and Vim suggests that the proliferating cells at early stages consist of endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts. Scale bars, 50 μm. (B) The numbers of proliferating ECs and fibroblasts increase after 1 week in vivo, with the fibroblasts showing an increased proliferation also after 2 weeks. (C) Double staining for Ki67 and Iso, sm-MYH, αSA, and Vim in the unseeded and seeded grafts explanted at 4.5 months. Cells coexpressing Ki67 with Iso, sm-MYH, and Vim were detected in the grafts, suggesting that the proliferating cells are ECs, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and fibroblasts. Scale bars, 50 μm. (D) The number of Ki67-positive cells seemed to be the same between the unseeded and seeded groups 4.5 months after implantation.

Evaluation of Proliferating Cells in Vivo

(A) Immunostaining for Ki67 and isolectin B4 (Iso), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (sm-MYH), α–sarcomeric actinin (αSA), and vimentin (Vim) in the seeded grafts explanted at 24 h, 1 week, and 2 weeks. Coexpression of Ki67 with Iso and Vim suggests that the proliferating cells at early stages consist of endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts. Scale bars, 50 μm. (B) The numbers of proliferating ECs and fibroblasts increase after 1 week in vivo, with the fibroblasts showing an increased proliferation also after 2 weeks. (C) Double staining for Ki67 and Iso, sm-MYH, αSA, and Vim in the unseeded and seeded grafts explanted at 4.5 months. Cells coexpressing Ki67 with Iso, sm-MYH, and Vim were detected in the grafts, suggesting that the proliferating cells are ECs, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and fibroblasts. Scale bars, 50 μm. (D) The number of Ki67-positive cells seemed to be the same between the unseeded and seeded groups 4.5 months after implantation.