Table 1.
Baseline demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics by year 1 glucose status
| Characteristic | NGR(n = 551 [38%]) | iIFG(n = 601 [42%]) | iIGT(n = 76 [5%]) | IFG/IGT(n = 215 [15%]) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 46.0 (12.5)b,d | 49.7 (11.6)a | 47.4 (13.3) | 49.5 (12.7)a | <0.0001 |
| Males, n (%) | 134 (24.3) | 183 (30.4) | 9 (11.8) | 33 (15.3) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical, mean (SD) | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.1 (7.4) | 36.0 (7.7) | 35.2 (6.0) | 36.6 (7.5) | 0.0633 |
| Weight (pounds) | 213 (53) | 221 (55)c | 204 (42)b | 216 (51) | 0.0113 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 43 (6) | 44 (6) | 43 (5) | 44 (6) | 0.0221 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | 125 (14) | 128 (16) | 129 (16) | 128 (15) | 0.0480 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | 79 (9) | 79 (10) | 78 (12) | 79 (10) | 0.9897 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 111 (33) | 111 (31) | 113 (30) | 111 (30) | 0.9695 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46 (12) | 44 (12) | 46 (11) | 45 (11) | 0.1752 |
| Log-transformed TG (mg/dL) | 4.9 (0.5)b,c,d | 5.0 (0.5)a | 5.1 (0.6)a | 5.0 (0.5)a | <0.0001 |
| Geometric mean TG (mg/dL) | 134.3 | 148.4 | 164.0 | 148.1 | |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 104 (7)b,c,d | 109 (8)a,c | 99 (9)a,b,d | 108 (8)a,c | <0.0001 |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dL) | 118 (32)c,d | 118 (33)c,d | 152 (30)a,b | 144 (30)a,b | <0.0001 |
| Baseline glucose status, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||||
| iIFG | 392 (72) | 447 (76) | 21 (28) | 87 (41) | |
| iIGT | 77 (14) | 25 (4) | 34 (45) | 18 (8) | |
| IFG/IGT | 78 (14) | 118 (20) | 20 (27) | 107 (50) | |
| Diagnosis of hypertension, n (%) | 160 (29) | 253 (42) | 25 (33) | 83 (39) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 0.0001 | ||||
| 0 | 203 (38) | 155 (27) | 16 (22) | 56 (27) | |
| 1–2 | 151 (28) | 185 (32) | 19 (26) | 73 (35) | |
| >2 | 175 (33) | 242 (42) | 37 (51) | 77 (37) | |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 433 (79) | 477 (80) | 66 (87) | 175 (81) | 0.4169 |
| Metformin use, n (%) | 21 (4) | 12 (2) | 0 (0) | 10 (5) | 0.0517 |
| Behavioral | |||||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 117 (23) | 137 (24) | 13 (19) | 43 (21) | 0.6729 |
| Completed all 16 DPP classes, n (%) | 480 (87.1) | 514 (85.5) | 68 (89.5) | 183 (85.1) | 0.6789 |
| Healthy diet score, mean (SD) | 3.41 (0.81) | 3.42 (0.80) | 3.39 (0.83) | 3.36 (0.83) | 0.7813 |
| Unhealthy diet score, mean (SD) | 2.86 (0.74) | 2.83 (0.71) | 2.85 (0.75) | 2.84 (0.71) | 0.9702 |
| Physical activity (RAPA), mean (SD) | 3.77 (1.09) | 3.82 (1.03) | 3.68 (1.09) | 3.68 (1.15) | 0.3517 |
aSignificantly different from the mean of NGR at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
bSignificantly different from the mean of iIFG at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
cSignificantly different from the mean of iIGT at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
dSignificantly different from the mean of IFG/IGT at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).