Table 2.
Changes in clinical and behavioral characteristics by year 1 glucose status
| Characteristic | NGR (n = 551) | iIFG (n = 601) | iIGT (n = 76) | IFG/IGT (n = 215) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes incidence year 1 to year 3, n (%) | 7 (1.3) | 32 (5.3) | 5 (6.6) | 28 (13.0) | <0.0001 |
| Clinical changes (year 1–baseline) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Weight (pounds) | −9.5 (14.8)b,d | −5.4 (13.4)a,d | −5.7 (10.9) | −1.4 (11.9)a,b | <0.0001 |
| Change in weight (%) | −4.3 (6.1)b,d | −2.3 (5.8)a,d | −2.8 (5.2)d | −0.7 (4.9)a,b,c | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (inches) | −1.8 (3.2)b,d | −1.1 (3.2)a | −1.0 (3.0) | −0.4 (2.8)a | <0.0001 |
| Change in waist circumference (%) | −4.0 (7.4)b,d | −2.2 (7.2)a | −2.1 (7.0) | −0.9 (6.4)a | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| Systolic (mmHg) | −2.6 (14.5) | −1.4 (16.5) | −1.8 (15.4) | 0.7 (17.9) | 0.0891 |
| Diastolic (mmHg) | −1.5 (10.8) | −1.6 (10.9) | −0.9 (11.5) | −0.2 (10.0) | 0.3824 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | −3.6 (23.7) | −2.1 (23.9) | −5.3 (27.0) | −4.1 (24.0) | 0.5200 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 1.9 (9.3) | 0.9 (7.4) | 2.2 (11.2) | 0.3 (7.6) | 0.0579 |
| Log-transformed TG (mg/dL) | −0.06 (0.39)d | −0.06 (0.35)d | −0.11 (0.35) | 0.02 (0.35)a,b | 0.0130 |
| FBG (mg/dL) | −11.4 (9.0)b,c,d | −1.0 (8.3)a,c,d | −5.7 (11.6)a,b,d | 1.4 (10.1)a,b,c | <0.0001 |
| Change in FBG (%) | −10.6 (8.0)b,c,d | −0.6 (7.6)a,c,d | −5.0 (11.6)a,b,d | 1.8 (9.7)a,b,c | <0.0001 |
| 2-h glucose (mg/dL) | −20.5 (32.0)b,c,d | −12.9 (32.3)a,c,d | 11.7 (36.4)a,b | 16.8 (30.1)a,b | <0.0001 |
| Change in 2-h glucose (%) | −12.5 (28.1)b,c,d | −5.7 (28.3)a,c,d | 12.3 (29.2)a,b | 16.4 (28.0)a,b | <0.0001 |
| Behavioral changes (year 1–baseline) | |||||
| Healthy diet score | 0.19 (0.71) | 0.24 (0.68) | 0.20 (0.70) | 0.27 (0.76) | 0.5838 |
| Unhealthy diet score | −0.35 (0.65) | −0.33 (0.67) | −0.34 (0.55) | −0.32 (0.58) | 0.9289 |
| Physical activity (RAPA) | 0.40 (1.23)d | 0.24 (1.15) | 0.39 (1.11) | 0.11 (1.39)a | 0.0335 |
aSignificantly different from the mean of NGR at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
bSignificantly different from the mean of iIFG at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
cSignificantly different from the mean of iIGT at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
dSignificantly different from the mean of IFG/IGT at P ≤ 0.008 (based on Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).