Table 4.
Morphological character comparison across genera in Tribe Wisterieae. Comparison is made of critical distinguishing characters for the 14 genera treated here. Character traits highlighted in bold are considered uniquely grouping (or autapomorphic) within Tribe Wisterieae.
| Characters | Adinobotrys 1 | Endosamara 2 | Sigmoidala 3 | Sarcodum 4 | Wisteriopsis 5 | Nanhaia 6 | Callerya s. str. 7 | Serawaia 8 | Kanburia 9 | Whitfordiodendron 10 | Afgekia 11 | Padbruggea 12 | Austrocallerya 13 | Wisteria 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habit and leaf persistence | trees, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, deciduous (W.japonica) or evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, evergreen | liana, deciduous |
| Leaflet number | 7–11 | 9–13 | 7–9 | 9–45 | 5–15 | 5–17 | 3–7 | 5–7 | 5 | 3–13 | 9–17 | 9–19 | 5–19 | 9–15 |
| Stipule length | 2–4 mm | 5–10 mm | 3–6 mm | 3–12 mm | 2–4 mm | 2–4 mm | 1–6 mm | 5–8 mm | 1–4.5 mm | 1.5–4 mm | 10–25 mm | 1–8 mm | 1.5–6 mm | 2–6 mm |
| Gibbosity presence/absence below stipule | absent | absent | absent | absent | prominent gibbosities below stipule insertions | prominent gibbosities below stipule insertions | absent | prominent gibbosities below stipule insertions | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent |
| Inflorescence type | panicle | panicle | panicle | raceme | panicle | panicle | panicle | raceme / panicle with few branches | panicle | panicle | raceme | panicle | panicle | raceme |
| Pedicel length | 5–6 mm | 3–6 mm | 3–4 mm | 4–12 mm | 2–7 mm | 4–11 mm | 2–8 mm | 4–6 mm | 2–6 mm | 0.5–3 mm | 7–20 mm | 4–25 mm | 3–20 mm | 5–50 mm; (5–20 mm W.frutescens) |
| Floral bract length and persistence | 2–3 mm; persistent (caducous A.vastus) | 6–15 mm; caducous | 5–6 mm, caducous | 6–20 mm; caducous | 3–6 mm; persistent | 3–11 mm, persistent (caducous N.fordii) | 1–8 mm; caducous | 15–18 mm; persistent | 1–4 mm; caducous | 3–7 mm; caducous | 15–35 mm; caducous | 4–20 mm; caducous | 2–15 mm; caducous | 5–15 mm; caducous |
| Bracteoles present/absent | present at base of calyx, persistent | absent | absent | present, apex of pedicel | present, persistent, at tip of pedicel | present, persistent, at tip of pedicel/ base of calyx | present, often caducous placed on the petioles (to base of calyx in C.nitida) | present, caducous, near top of pedicel | absent | present, placed on the calyx above the base (at base in W.sumatrana) | absent | present on upper half of pedicel | present on top of pedicel | present (absent in W.frutescens) |
| Flower size - small 0.7–1.4 (1.5) cm; large (1.5) 1.6–3.5 cm | large, (1.4)1.5–2 cm long | small 1.2–1.6 cm long | large, 1.6 -– 2 cm long | small, 0.6–1.3 cm long | small (0.7)1.0–1.5 (1.6) cm long | large (1.5) 1.6–3.2 cm long | large (1.2)1.6–2.8 cm long | large (1.5) 1.6–21 mm, yellow | small, 1–1.4 (1.5) cm long | small, 1– 1.5 cm long (to 2.3 cm long in W.eriantha s.s.) | large, 2–2.5 cm long | small, 1.3–2.5 cm long | small, 1.1–1.6 cm long | large, 1.5–3 cm long |
| Standard dorsal surface indumentum presence/absence | glabrous | glabrous | densely pubescent | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | sericeous | pubescent | sericeous | sericeous | pubescent | pubescent | pubescent | sparsely pubescent (glabrous in W.frutescens) |
| Callosity presence and type at base of standard petal | boss | boss | boss | boss | boss | boss | ridge or boss | boss | ridge | ridge or boss | papillate with 2 upper corniculate | ridge/ papillate (in P.filipes) | arched | papillate (ridge in W.frutescens) |
| Length of wings in proportion to keel; wing attachment to keel | slightly longer than and adherent to keel | slightly longer than and adherent to keel | wings sigmoid, reflexing after anthesis, longer than and adherent to the keel | shorter than or equalling and adherent to keel | more or less equalling and mostly free from keel | more or less equalling and adherent to keel | shorter than and adherent to keel | more or less equalling and free from keel | more or less equalling the keel to slightly longer, adherent to keel | more or less equalling and adherent to keel | more or less equalling and adherent to keel | more or less equalling and adherent to keel | more or less equalling and adherent to keel | more or less equalling keel, sometimes free from keel |
| Keel indumentum presence/absence | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | densely sericeous particularly along lower margin | pubescent | glabrous or densely pubescent along lower margin | glabrous or very sparsely hairy along lower margin | glabrous |
| Staminal column free or enclosed within keel at anthesis | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | free | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed | enclosed |
| Style length at anthesis; short 2–4 (5) mm long; long 6–9(10) mm long | 5–6 mm | 4–5 mm | 2–3 mm | 3–4 mm | 3–4 mm | 2–3 mm | 6–9 mm | 4 - 6 mm | 2–3 mm | 2–4 mm | 1–3 mm | 3–4 mm | 3–5 mm | 3–5 mm |
| Ovary indumentum presence/ absence | sparsely to densely hairy | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | glabrous | sericeous | sericeous | sparsely hairy | sericeous | sericeous | densely pubescent | sericeous | sericeous | pubescent |
| Pod shape, surface structure; indumentum | 7–20 × 3–6 cm; inflated, obovoid or oblong; glabrous, rugose | 8–25 × 1–2 cm; flattened; linear, glabrous, smooth, raised above seeds contracted between them, veins visible? | 7–11 × 1–2 cm, flattened, narrowly obovate, glabrous, smooth | 3.5–5 × 0.7–1.2 cm; botuliform, linear; glabrous (exocarp fleshy, endocarp thin, forming transverse septae between seeds), not convex around seeds | 8–12 × 0.8–3 cm, linear to narrowly ovate, compressed, glabrous, finely corrugated | 15–25 × 1–2.5 cm, linear to narrowly obovate, flattened, not or slightly inflated, not convex around seeds, densely hairy, smooth | 5–21 × 0.7–4 cm; flattened, linear to narrowly ovate, elliptic or obovate - or - inflated, convex around seeds and contracted between them; tomentose to densely pubescent, smooth | 19–30 × 2.5–3.5 cm; narrowly obovate, flat, beaked, shortly hirsute, smooth | 5–13 × 1–1.8 cm., compressed, strap-shaped, glabrescent, slightly inflated and convex around seeds, contracted between seeds | 4–9.5 × 2–5 cm; inflated, ovoid; rugose to ridged or ruminate, velutinous (sparsely pubescent in W.nieuwenhuisii) | 6–15 × 3–4 cm; inflated; oblong, obliquely obovate to fusiform, velutinous , smooth to slightly wrinkled | 10–25 × 5–11 cm; inflated, obovoid or oblong; coarsely ridged to rugose; tomentose | 7–23 × 3–5.2 cm, inflated, fusiform; torulose, finely ridged or striate, velutinous | 10–24 × 1.2–3 cm; compressed; oblanceolate; velutinous (W.frutescens 8 × 12 cm long; linear- oblanceolate; glabrous) |
| Fruit endocarp septae type | subseptate | septate | subseptate | septate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate | subseptate |
| Seed number, shape | 1–3; ovoid; 30–38 × 20–35 × 20–26 mm thick, sometimes laterally compressed | 2–5; ellipsoid; 9 - 12 × 5–8 × 3–6 mm thick; seeds separated in pod, enclosed in lomented endocarp with a flat wing | 1–5(8) ; orbicular; 12–14 × 12–14 × 12 mm | 4–10; ellipsoid; 5–7.5 × 3.5–5 × 2.5–4.5 mm thick, separate in pod | (1)6–8, lenticular , suborbicular, oblate-spheroid, smooth, brown 5–28 × 4–20 × 1–5 mm, separate in pod | 2–10, lenticular, ovoid to flat, 7–28 × 5–20 mm, 1–7 mm thick, separate in pod | 1–6; flattened-lenticular to ovoid or globose; 7–30 × 6–35 × 0.5 - 20 mm, separate in pod | 2–3, flattened, orbicular, 17 × 17 × 10 mm, smooth | 1–6, lenticular, 10–12 × 9–11 × 3–5 mm, separate in pod | 1–3; ovoid to elliptic; 12–45 × 14–35 × 8–30 mm thick, if more than one then seeds becoming fused together | 2–3; flattened ellipsoid-orbicular; 15–25 × 10–14 × 8–13 mm thick, seeds separate in pod | 1–2; obovoid or oblong; 50–80 × 40–45 × 30–45 mm, if more than one, seeds often fused together or forced laterally out of shape by compression | (1)2–6; ellipsoid or broadly ovoid; 12–43 × 12–42 × 12–41 mm, if more than one, seeds sometimes forced out of shape by lateral compression | 1–5; lenticular-orbicular; 8–10 × 8–12 × 2–4 mm (W.frutescens 4–8; reniform-cuboid; 8–10 × 4–6 × 4–6 mm thick) |
| Seed hilum (elliptic to oval or strap-shaped) and size (short - 1–5 mm long; long - 10–40 mm) | 2–3 × 2 mm; circular to elliptic, short | 1.5–3 × 2 mm; broadly elliptic, short | 1.6–2 mm long, elliptic, short | 2–2.5 × 1 mm; elliptic, short | 1–2 × 1 mm; elliptic, short | 2 - 3 × 1 mm, elliptic, short | 2–5 × 1 mm; elliptic or oval, short | 1–2 mm; elliptic, short | 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm, elliptic, short | 3–5 × 1.5 mm; broadly elliptic, short | 15–30 × 2–4 mm; strap-shaped, long | 18–36 × 4–7 mm; strap-shaped, long | 16–30 × 2–4 mm long; strap-shaped | 1–2 × 1 mm; linear or elliptic, short (3–4 mm, broadly elliptic in W.frutescens) |
| Seed wing | absent | present, seed enclosed in lomented endocarp with a flat wing | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent | absent |
1 (A.atropurpureus,A.vastus); 2 (E.racemosa); 3 (S.kityana); 4 (S.scandens, S.bicolor, S.solomonensis); 5 (W.japonica, W.championii, W.kiangsiensis, W.reticulata, W.eurybotrya); 6 (N.fordii, N.speciosa); 7 (C.nitida, C.bonatiana, C.cinerea, C.cochinchinensis, C.dielsiana & including all segregates in Wei and Pedley (2010)); 8 (S.strobilifera); 9 (K.tenasserimensis, K.chlorantha); 10 (W.scandens, W.eriantha, W.nieuwenhuisii, W.sumatrana); 11 (A.sericea, A.mahidoliae); 12 (P.dasyphylla, P.filipes, P.maingayi); 13 (A.australis, A.megasperma, A.pilipes); 14 (W.frutescens, W.brachybotrys, W.floribunda, W.sinensis)