Skip to main content
. 2019 Jun 1;9(6):1266–1281.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

DSF/Cu induces in vitro both autophagy and apoptosis in breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines. The cell lines UACC-812 (A), MDA-MB-231 (B), PDAC6 (C) and PANC-1 (D) were treated as indicated for 24 hours in the presence or absence of CQ (20 μM, 16 hours) for detection of autophagic flux (increased LC3II/LC3I ratio in the presence of CQ) and apoptosis (cleaved PARP). DsRed-LC3-GFP transfected PANC-1 cells treated with DSF/Cu for 12 hours (E) or 24 hours (F) were analyzed for red fluorescence LC3 positive cells by flow cytometry. UACC-812 (G) and PDAC6 (H) cells were treated with DSF/Cu at different indicated time points, lysed and analyzed by Western blot for expression of LC3II/I and cleaved PARP. PANC-1 cells treated with DSF/Cu were stained for autophagy and apoptosis at the same time and analyzed by IFA. A representative cell stained by immunofluorescence and viewed under confocal microscopy (600×) (OLYMPUSDeltaVision RT IX70) is shown (I): Blue- DAPI for nucleus (top left), Red-LC3 (bottom left) and Green-Cleaved Caspase-3 (top right) and merged (bottom right).