Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Schematic diagram demonstrating the potential mechanism of DSF/Cu in induction of ER-stress and cytotoxic autophagy. DSF/Cu may directly (via interaction with IRE1α) or indirectly (via inhibition of NPL4, proteasome, generation of reactive oxygen species, or a combination of these mechanisms) activate the UPR IRE1α-XBP1 pathway, resulting in cytotoxic autophagy-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells.
