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. 2019 Jul 3;9:9620. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46118-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship between blood metabolome profile and gut microbiota at basal time. (A) Box plots of blood metabolites significantly different between the two communities’ types at basal time. Boxes show median and interquartile range, and whiskers indicate 5^th to 95^th percentile. The box color indicates the community type: community type 1 (green) and community type 2 (purple). * adjusted p-value < 0.10, Mann Whitney U test followed by Benjamini-Hochberg multiple test correction; (B) Covariates of microbiome variation were identified by calculation the association between basal metabolome profiles and genus-level community ordination (NMDS based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity) with envfit function in the “vegan” R package (10,000 permutations, followed by Benjamini-Hochberg multiple test correction). Points represent the basal metabolites parameters, whereas crosses represent the relative genera abundance. The blue arrows indicate non-significant correlations with the ordination, whereas the red arrows indicate significant correlations; (C) The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) loading plot shows the contributing blood metabolites towards the separation of the PLS-DA scores between individuals of the community type 1 (green color) and community type 2 (purple color) at basal time.