Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 413) | Survivors (n = 304) | Event (death) (n = 109) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 214 (51.8) | 148 (48.7) | 66 (60.6) | 0.044 |
| Age | 67.0 (55.0–76.0) | 64.0 (51.0–73.0) | 74.0 (66.0–80.0) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.5 (20.3–25.0) | 22.9 (20.6–25.5) | 21.5 (20.0–23.7) | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic etiology | 143 (34.6) | 85 (28.0) | 58 (53.2) | < 0.001 |
| NYHA class | < 0.001 | |||
| I–II | 104 (25.2) | 97 (31.9) | 7 (6.4) | |
| III–IV | 309 (74.8) | 207 (68.1) | 102 (93.6) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.0 (111–155) | 133.0 (112.0–156.0) | 127.5 (106.3–153.0) | 0.395 |
| HR, bpm | 95.0 (80.0–112.0) | 94.0 (80.0–111.0) | 101.0 (79.3–115.8) | 0.103 |
| Smoking | 166 (40.2) | 120 (39.5) | 46 (42.2) | 0.701 |
| HTN | 192 (46.5) | 131 (43.1) | 61 (56.0) | 0.028 |
| DM | 124 (30.0) | 75 (24.7) | 49 (45.0) | < 0.001 |
| β-Blocker | 333 (80.6) | 255 (83.9) | 78 (73.6) | 0.028 |
| ACEI/ARB | 330 (79.9) | 260 (85.5) | 70 (66.0) | < 0.001 |
| Spironolactone | 179 (43.3) | 140 (46.1) | 39 (36.8) | 0.123 |
| Digoxin | 79 (19.1) | 54 (17.8) | 25 (23.6) | 0.244 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 139.0 (146.0–142.0) | 140.0 (137.0–142.0) | 138.0 (135.0–141.0) | 0.031 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.20 (3.7–4.5) | 4.0 (3.7–4.5) | 4.2 (3.8–4.7) | 0.097 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.95 (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 (0.9–1.9) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 26.0 (18.0–40.0) | 26.0 (18.0–41.0) | 26.0 (19.0–36.0) | 0.475 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 4,336.0 (1,663.5–10,775.5) | 3,528.0 (1,347–8,067.5) | 9,166.0 (3,087.0–18,465.0) | < 0.001 |
| CA-125, U/mL | 38.3 (15.8–112.0) | 29.6 (13.9–94.2) | 80.7 (27.1–139.3) | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
BMI, body mass index; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; CA-125, carbohydrate antigen 125.