Table 1 |.
Sociodemographic, pregnancy, and smoking characteristics of study participants (N = 48)
| Analytic sample receiving intervention (n = 30) | Excluded sample not receiving intervention (n = 18) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | p Valuea |
| Age, years | 28.3 (5.8) | 25.6 (4.2) | .088 | ||
| ≤24 | 9 (30.0) | 9 (50.0) | |||
| 25–29 | 10 (33.3) | 5 (27.8) | .420 | ||
| ≥30 | 11 (36.7) | 4 (22.2) | |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic, White | 9 (30.0) | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Non-Hispanic, African American | 18 (60.0) | 10 (55.6) | .093 | ||
| Hispanic or American Indian | 3 (10.0) | 6 (33.3) | |||
| Education level | |||||
| High school or lower | 12 (40.0) | 11 (61.1) | |||
| Some college or vocational training | 13 (43.3) | 4 (22.2) | .379 | ||
| 2-year or 4-year college degree | 5 (16.7) | 3 (16.7) | |||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single or divorced | 19 (63.3) | 13 (72.2) | .753 | ||
| Married | 11 (36.7) | 5 (27.8) | |||
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 8 (26.7) | 7 (38.9) | |||
| Unemployed | 12 (40.0) | 8 (44.4) | .672 | ||
| Housewife | 7 (23.3) | 2 (11.1) | |||
| Student | 3 (10.0) | 1 (5.6) | |||
| Individual annual income, U.S. dollars | |||||
| <5,000 | 12 (40.0) | 12 (66.7) | |||
| 5,000–15,999 | 12 (40.0) | 3 (16.7) | .160 | ||
| ≥16,000 | 6 (20.0) | 3 (16.7) | |||
| Household annual income, U.S. dollars | |||||
| <5,000 | 8 (26.7) | 8 (44.4) | |||
| 5,000–11,999 | 8 (26.7) | 4 (22.2) | |||
| 12,000–24,999 | 8 (26.7) | 3 (16.7) | .679 | ||
| ≥25,000 | 6 (20.0) | 3 (16.7) | |||
| Gestational age at enrollment, weeks | 14.8 (5.9) | 11.7 (5.9) | .084 | ||
| ≤13 (first trimester) | 13 (43.3) | 13 (72.2) | |||
| 14–27 (second trimester) | 16 (53.3) | 5 (27.8) | .101 | ||
| ≥28 (third trimester) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Number of live births | |||||
| 0 | 9 (30.0) | 5 (27.8) | |||
| 1–2 | 9 (30.0) | 9 (50.0) | .316 | ||
| ≥3 | 12 (40.0) | 4 (22.2) | |||
| Having a child ≤12 months old | 6 (20.0) | 3 (16.7) | 1.000 | ||
| Number of cigarettes smoked, per day | 8.4 (4.5) | 7.1 (3.7) | .292 | ||
| 1–4 (light) | 4 (13.3) | 5 (27.8) | |||
| 5–9 (moderate) | 15 (50.0) | 7 (38.9) | .460 | ||
| ≥10 (heavy) | 11 (36.7) | 6 (33.3) | |||
| Current use of alcohol | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | .521 | ||
| Marijuana use during this pregnancy | 14 (46.7) | 6 (33.3) | .546 | ||
| Partner’s smoking status | |||||
| A smoking partner | 17 (56.7) | 9 (50.0) | |||
| A nonsmoking partner | 7 (23.3) | 4 (22.2) | .921 | ||
| No partner | 6 (20.0) | 5 (27.8) | |||
aFisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.