Table 1.
Baseline and tumor characteristics
| Characteristic | Esophagectomy (n = 196) | Endoscopic therapy (n = 224) | Radiotherapy (n = 534) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| Early (75–79) | 140 (71.4%) | 104 (46.4%) | 199 (37.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Elderly (> 79) | 56 (28.6%) | 120 (53.6%) | 335 (62.7%) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 156 (79.6%) | 174 (77.7%) | 348 (65.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 40 (20.4%) | 50 (22.3%) | 186 (34.8%) | |
| Race | ||||
| White | 178 (90.8%) | 212 (94.6%) | 465 (87.1%) | |
| Black | 3 (1.5%) | 6 (2.7%) | 38 (7.1%) | 0.01 |
| Other/unknown | 15 (7.7%) | 6(2.7%) | 31 (5.8%) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 127 (64.8%) | 140 (62.5%) | 272 (50.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Other/unknown | 69 (35.2%) | 84 (37.5%) | 262 (49.1) | |
| Tumor grade | ||||
| G1/2 (well/moderate) | 108 (55.1%) | 101 (45.1%) | 240 (44.9%) | < 0.001 |
| G3/4 (poor/undifferentiated) | 56 (28.6%) | 36 (16.1%) | 190 (35.6%) | |
| Unknown | 32 (16.3%) | 87 (38.8%) | 104 (19.5%) | |
| Histology | ||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 38 (19.4%) | 24 (10.7%) | 223 (41.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Adenocarcinoma | 156 (79.6%) | 184 (82.1%) | 283 (53.0%) | |
| Unknown | 2 (1%) | 16 (7.1%) | 28 (5.2%) | |
| T stage | ||||
| T1a | 47 (24.0%) | 52 (23.2%) | 33 (6.2%) | < 0.001 |
| T1b | 94 (48.0%) | 43 (19.2) | 24 (4.5%) | |
| T1x | 55 (28.1%) | 129 (57.6%) | 477 (89.3%) | |
| Cause of death | ||||
| Alive | 116 (59.2%) | 127 (56.7%) | 113 (21.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Esophagus | 42 (21.4%) | 36 (16.1%) | 309 (57.9%) | |
| Other cause of death | 38 (19.4%) | 61 (27.2) | 112 (21.0%) | |
| Time period | ||||
| Early (2004–2009) | 117 (59.7%) | 109 (48.7%) | 346 (64.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Late (2010–2014) | 79 (40.3%) | 115 (51.3%) | 188 (35.2%) | |