. 2019 May 28;8(4):552–559. doi: 10.1039/c8tx00337h

Table 3. Summary of the recent 10 years studies on PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in human breast milk from worldwide areas (pg WHO-TEQ per g lipid).

Country	Pools	Year of sampling	∑PCDD/Fs		∑PCBs		∑(DL-PCBs + PCDD/Fs)		Reference
Country	Pools	Year of sampling	TEQ₁₉₉₈	TEQ₂₀₀₅	TEQ₁₉₉₈	TEQ₂₀₀₅	TEQ₁₉₉₈	TEQ₂₀₀₅	Reference
China	32 pools from 1760 samples	2011	4.9		1.8		6.7		Zhang et al., 2016 7
China	24 pools from 1320 samples	2007	3.73		1.69		5.42		Li et al., 2009 14
China, Guangdong	6 pools from 179 samples	2017–2018	8.23	6.96	2.21	2.13	10.44	9.09	Present study
China, Shenzhen	60 ^a	2007–2009		7.16		4.77		11.9	Deng et al., 2012 9
China, Shanghai	150 ^a	2011–2012	6	5.4	3.1	2.9	9.15	8.3	Lu et al., 2015 12
Hong Kong	4 pools from 137 samples	2009	7.48		3.79		11.27		Wong et al., 2013 17
Northern China (Shijiazhuang, Hebei)	20 ^a	2002		2.88		1.59		4.47	Sun et al., 2011 16
Northern China (Shijiazhuang, Hebei)	20 ^a	2007		3.95		2.29		6.24	Sun et al., 2011 16
Northern China (Shijiazhuang, Tianjin and Yantai) ^b	60 ^a	2006–2007		3.37–5.03		2.14–2.63		6.24–7.54	Sun et al., 2010 24
Japan	26 ^a	2015						8.7	Ae et al., 2018 25
Japan, Sapporo City	97 ^a	2002–2005		5.2		3.4		8.6	Todaka et al., 2011 15
Japan, Tohoku	49 ^a	2001–2003	11.1		7.8		18.8		Nakamura et al., 2008 20
Turkey	51 ^a	2007	4.9–12		3.9–10		6.8–16		Cok et al., 2009 26
Vietnam ^b	16 ^a	2008		2.7; 6.6					Nhu et al., 2011 27
Vietnam	59(Quang Tri);66(Ha Tinh)	2002–2003	8.96; 4.04						Tawara et al., 2011 13
Asia and the Pacific ^b	—	2005–2010	4.5						UNEP 2011 28
Europe ^b	—	2005–2010	5.9;6						UNEP 2011 28
Belgium	1 pool of 84 samples	2009–2010	8.4		5.9		14.3		Croes et al., 2012 23
Sweden	8 pools from 79 samples	2008–2011	3.0–4.3	2.5–3.6	2.6–4.6	1.2–2.7	5.6–8.9	3.7–6.2	Fång et al., 2013 29
Sweden	325 ^a	1996–2006	8.2	7			16	13	Lignell et al., 2009 30
Italy	59 ^a	2008–2009		3.78–4.7		4.87–6.28		8.65–10.98	Ulaszewska et al., 2011 31
Italy	4 pools from 39 samples	1998–2001					20.4–34.2		Abballe et al., 2008 32
Italy	94 ^a	2007	8.6		8				Rivezzi et al., 2013 33
Hungarian	22 ^a	2007		2.13		1.04		3.17	É. Vigh, 2013 34
Germany	42 ^a	2005	9.92	8.17	9.89	6.31	19.8	14.48	Raab et al., 2008 19
Spain	15 ^a	2007		7.6					Schuhmacher et al., 2009 35
Slovakia	33 ^a	2006–2007					18		Chovancova J, 2011 21
Ireland	11 pools from 109 samples	2010	6.32				9.66		Pratt, 2012 18
Africa ^b	—	2005–2010	3.6						UNEP, 2011 28
New Zealand	39 ^a	2007–2010		3.54					Mannetje, 2013 36

^aDetected as individual samples.

^bMedian concentration, the others were mean concentration.