TABLE 3.

Depression, anxiety, stress (DASS) constructs and items.

Depression (α = 0.88)
	I found it hard to wind down.
	I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all.
	I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things.
	I felt that I had nothing to look forward to.
	I felt down-hearted and blue.
	I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything.
	I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person.
	I felt that life was meaningless.
Anxiety (α = 0.84)
	I was aware of dryness of my mouth.
	I experienced breathing difficulty (e.g., excessively rapid breathing, breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion).
	I experienced trembling (e.g., in the hands).
	I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself.
	I felt I was close to panic.
	I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion (e.g., sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat).
	I felt scared without any good reason.
Stress (α = 0.85)
	I felt that I was rather touchy.
	I tended to over-react to situations.
	I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy.
	I found myself getting agitated.
	I found it difficult to relax.
	I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what I was doing.

0 = Did not apply to me at all; 1 = applied to me to some degree, or some of the time; 2 = applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of time; 3 = applied to me very much, or most of the time (“over the past week”).