Table 1.

Descriptive statistics and correlation among variables.

	Min	Max	M	SD	Skew	Kurt	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. Perceived teacher support	1.00	5.00	2.74	0.82	0.03	–0.28	α = 0.79
2. Teacher perceived psychological control	1.00	5.00	2.37	0.77	0.58	0.11	–0.36**	α = 0.78
3. Need satisfaction at school	1.83	4.67	3.64	0.57	–0.62	0.50	0.26**	–0.23**	α = 0.81
4. Need frustration at school	2.71	3.29	2.88	0.12	0.88	0.52	–0.22**	0.35**	–0.44**	α = 0.82
5. Avoidance	0.17	5.50	2.65	1.24	0.08	–0.67	–0.24**	0.41**	–0.29**	0.45**	α = 0.76
6. Escape	0.00	6.00	1.01	1.00	1.76	4.30	–0.02	0.22**	–0.32**	0.47**	0.41**	α = 0.72
7. Attention-seeking	0.00	5.50	1.82	1.26	0.68	–0.25	–0.02	0.17**	–0.10	0.24**	0.50**	0.46**	α = 0.81
8. Gratification	0.33	5.33	3.01	1.05	–0.18	–0.44	–0.04	0.10	0.02	0.00	0.11	0.02	0.08	α = 0.60
9. School refusal	0.67	4.83	2.12	0.77	0.70	0.45	–0.13*	0.34**	–0.26**	0.43**	0.78**	0.69**	0.79**	0.42**	α = 0.82
10. Number of absences	0.00	34.00	11.08	5.84	0.72	0.69	–0.07	0.11	–0.21**	0.17**	0.19**	0.14*	0.09	0.01	0.16**	–
11. Academic achievement	5.00	9.50	7.35	0.81	–0.07	0.73	0.05	–0.02	0.14*	–0.13*	–0.12	–0.14*	–0.17**	–0.04	–0.18**	–0.20**

N = 263; α, Cronbach’s Alpha; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; Skew, skewness; Kurt, kurtosis; ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01.