Table 3.

Application Designations of the Chatbot in Each Study.

Study	Diagnostic	Monitoring	Therapy
Clinical	Philip et al.24 (depression)	Bickmore et al.21 (schizophrenia), Bickmore et al.22 (depression)	Tielman et al.16 (anxiety)
Subclinical	Lucas et al.23	Ly et al.,15 Gardiner et al.,19 Tielman et al.20	Shinozaki et al.,17 Fitzpatrick et al.18

Diagnostic: screen a subclinical population or correctly match the existing diagnosis of a clinical population. Monitoring: monitor a function of a clinical or subclinical population. Therapy: provide therapeutic intervention through methods such as cognitive behavioural therapy or encouraging medication adherence.