Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Total (n = 100) mean ± SD or n (%) | Low diabetes distress (n = 64) mean ± SD or n (%) | High diabetes distress (n = 36) mean ± SD or n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 32.5 ± 4.1 | 32.3 ± 4.0 | 32.9 ± 4.9 | 0.46 |
| BMI | 26.7 ± 4.8 | 26.3 ± 3.8 | 27.4 ± 6.2 | 0.83 |
| HbA1c | 33.1 ± 4.3 | 32.4 ± 3.5 | 34.5 ± 5.2 | 0.82 |
| Baseline pregnancy duration in weeks | 27.8 ± 3.8 | 27.4 ± 0.5 | 28.4 ± 0.5 | 0.21 |
| Parity | ||||
| 0 | 39 (39.0%) | 23 (35.9%) | 16 (44.4%) | 0.41 |
| 1 or more | 61 (61.0%) | 41 (64.1%) | 20 (55.6%) | |
| History of psychological distress | ||||
| Yes | 46 (46.0%) | 24 (37.5%) | 22 (61.1%) | 0.02 |
| No | 54 (54.0%) | 40 (62.5%) | 14 (38.9%) | |
| ≥ 1 concomitant chronic disease | ||||
| Yes | 36 (36.0%) | 22 (34.4%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0.67 |
| No | 64 (64.0%) | 42 (65.6%) | 22 (61.1%) | |
| Insulin use | ||||
| Yes | 24 (24.0%) | 13 (20.3%) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.25 |
| No | 76 (76.0%) | 51 (79.7%) | 25 (69.4%) | |
| SESa | ||||
| Low | 43 (43.0%) | 29 (45.3%) | 14 (38.9%) | 0.54 |
| High | 57 (57.0%) | 35 (54.7%) | 22 (61.1%) | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Native Dutch | 29 (29.0%) | 21 (32.8%) | 8 (22.2%) | 0.36 |
| Moroccan | 37 (37.0%) | 24 (37.5%) | 13 (36.1%) | |
| Turkish | 16 (16.0%) | 7 (10.9%) | 9 (25.0%) | |
| Surinamese | 7 (7.0%) | 4 (6.3%) | 3 (8.3%) | |
| Other | 11 (11.0%) | 8 (12.5%) | 3 (8.3%) | |
asocioeconomic status