Fig. 6.

5′-HA promotes BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation of hBMSCs. a Dose-dependent stimulatory effect of 5′-HA on BMP2-induced osteoblast differentiation in hBMSCs as assessed by quantification of ALP activity and (b) quantitative Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization. Cells were induced to osteoblast differentiation using BMP2 (100 ng/ml) in the absence (0) or the presence of different concentrations of 5′-HA for either 7 days (ALP activity) or 12 days (Alizarin Red staining). Representative images of ALP and Alizarin red staining were shown under each corresponding graph. c Mode of action of 5′-HA on promoting osteogenesis in BMP-signaling dependent mechanism. Values are mean ± SD of three independent experiments, (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005 compared to BMP2-treated cells without 5′-HA)