Table 4.

Included clinical studies for qualitative analysis

Author + year	Subjects	MWA system	Ablation zone measured by	Ablation protocol (energy and time)	Ablation diameter (cm)	Ablation volume (mL)	Sphericity index
Ratanaprasatporn et al 2013 [40]	10 ablations and resections (3 HCC; 7 metastatic)	D	GP	10–32 W; 110°–120° 10 min	4.1	8.7	–
Di Vece et al 2014 [42]	20 patients with primary (9) and secondary (11) liver tumors	B	US	60–70 W 10 min	4.85 ± 0.67 × 3.85 ± 0.46	–	0.63
Winokur et al 2014 [16]	36 ablations with Amica (20) and NeuWave (16)	BC	CT	B: 43.8 ± 27.4 kJ C: 21.4 ± 12.6 kJ	B: 5.1 ± 1.5 × 3.0 ± 0.9 C: 3.9 ± 0.7 × 2.7 ± 0.5	B: 33.0 ± 18.9 C: 15.5 ± 6.7	B: 0.49 C: 0.39
Berber et al 2015 [29]	5 patients; 9 malignant tumors	F	CT	Patient specific	Details per ablation	–	–
Berber et al 2016 [31]	18 patients; 54 malignant liver tumors	F	CT	Patient specific	Ablation zone and time of 100 W	–	0.9
Zaidi et al 2016 [32]	53 laparoscopic ablations	F	CT	Patient specific	Ablation time/size plot for 100 W	–	0.9
Amabile et al 2016 [11]	46 patients; 32 HCC; 19 metastasis	B	CT	5 min 60 W 10 min 60 W	HCC 3.3 ± 0.5 × 4.8 ± 0.7 metastasis 4.0 ± 0.9 × 5.5 ± 1.7 HCC 3.7 ± 0.3 × 5.2 ± 0.6 metastasis 4.1 ± 0.6 × 6.5 ± 0.9		HCC 0.64–0.74 metastasis 0.70–0.71
Shyn et al 2016 [36]	52 patients 93 ablations	B	MRI/CT	Patient specific	Correlation with energy

B Amica, C NeuWave 140, D AveCure, Evident, F Emprint, CT computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, US ultrasound, GP gross pathology, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma