Table 2.

Measurements of motivation.

Methods for measuring motivation	Reasons to measure motivation	Publicationsa	Pb/Ic
Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire	To assess autonomous versus controlled motivation for self-regulation, weight loss, healthy eating, and continued exercise	WL9d [60]; WL25 [61]; WL30 [43]; WL31[44];	I; P; I; I
Behavioral Regulation in Physical Exercise and Eating Habit Questionnaire	To assess treatment moderators (here, intrinsic motivation) and measure stages of the self-determination continuum, a motivation factor	WL4 [62]	P
Consideration of Future Consequences	To characterize motivational orientation and measure participants’ focus on distal versus proximal consequences/outcomes of behaviors	WL8 [63]	I
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Scales	To identify participants’ motivational orientation, either predominantly promotion focused (gain focus) or predominantly prevention focused (loss focus)	WL8 [63]	I
The Diet and Exercise Self-Efficacy Questionnaires	To assess self-efficacy to make and maintain diet and exercise behavior changes	WL8 [63]	I
The University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale	On the basis of the transtheoretical (stages-of-change) model, to assess where an individual exists along a 5-phase continuum from precontemplation to contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance	WL8 [63]	I
Online survey	To map to what extent text messages were experienced as motivational	WL5 [64]	I
Online self-reporting	To rate their motivation and confidence to continue their weight next week	WM2e [51]	P
Online self-reporting/feedback	To set the level of participant motivation	WL23 [65]	I

^aMultimedia Appendix 5 provides an overview of the publications.

^bP: protocol.

^cI: intervention.

^dWL: weight loss.

^eWM: weight loss maintenance.