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Pro-inflammatory RASF induce ADSC immunomodulatory potential. An intra-articular delivery of ADSC to RA patients would enhance their clinical benefits. High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically TNF activates the NF-κB pathway in ADSC and induces the expression of COX2, IDO, IL-6, TSG6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PD-L1. This will functionally enhance ADSC's ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory macrophages and induce Tregs.
