Table 3.
Linear mixed model examining the impact of the Sub-Threshold Exercise Program (STEP) intervention on concussed youth on outcomes of fear avoidance of pain and health-related quality of life, adjusted for age, sex, duration of symptoms, and prior concussion, Seattle WA 2016–17.
| FOPQa (Child) | FOPQa (Parent) | PEDsQL© b (Child) | PEDsQL© b (Parent) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | (SE) | p | B | (SE) | p | B | (SE) | p | B | (SE) | p | |
| Mean | ||||||||||||
| Intercept | −24.54 | (28.54) | 0.40 | 20.80 | (28.80) | 0.48 | 71.90 | (22.91) | 0.0044 | 57.97 | (24.22) | 0.02 |
| Age (continuous) | 3.24 | (1.88) | 0.10 | 1.03 | (1.90) | 0.59 | −0.10 | (1.51) | 0.95 | −0.06 | (1.60) | 0.97 |
| Female | 13.64 | (5.45) | 0.02 | 9.58 | (5.42) | 0.59 | −6.49 | (4.35) | 0.15 | −1.21 | (4.53) | 0.79 |
| Prior concussion | −8.79 | (6.02) | 0.16 | −9.02 | (6.03) | 0.15 | −1.18 | (4.84) | 0.81 | 7.73 | (5.12) | 0.14) |
| Duration of symptoms | ||||||||||||
| <9 weeks (referent) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 9–22 weeks | −7.26 | (4.73) | 0.13 | −5.83 | (4.49) | 0.20 | 15.46 | (3.04) | <0.0001 | 11.42 | (3.49) | 0.0016 |
| >22 weeks | 4.31 | (3.62) | 0.24 | 6.35 | (3.33) | 0.06 | −11.46 | (3.95) | 0.0048 | −0.82 | (4.49) | 0.86 |
| Slope | ||||||||||||
| Week | −0.40 | (0.26) | 0.13 | −0.63 | (0.24) | 0.0096 | 0.75 | (0.26) | 0.0045 | 0.22 | (0.29) | 0.44 |
| Week x Intervention | −0.29 | (0.25) | 0.23 | −0.0031 | (0.23) | 0.99 | 0.19 | (0.25) | 0.47 | 0.56 | (0.29) | 0.05 |
a
Fear of Pain Questionnaire, a measure of fear-avoidance of pain.
b
Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, a measure of health-related quality of life..
Bold values indicate the highlighted results that are significant with p values <0.05.