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. 2019 Jun 21;10:1406. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01406

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effect of 500 μM of KYNA and KYNA analogs on TSG-6 mRNA levels in U-937 monocytic cells stimulated with Chlamydia pneumoniae at a MOI 5. TSG-6 expressions were normalized to the reference gene of β-actin by using quantitative real-time PCR. Relative expression was calculated by using the 2−(ΔΔCt) method and is given as a ratio between the target and the reference gene. Control: TSG-6 mRNA expression without stimulation, Filled bar: TSG-6 mRNA expression in C. pneumoniae-stimulated cells without KYNA or KYNA analoques, open bars: TSG-6 mRNA expression in C. pneumoniae-stimulated cells in the presence of 500 μM KYNA or KYNA analoques. Data are shown as means ± SD of the results of three independent experiments. *p < 0.01 vs. C. pneumoniae- induced cells without chemicals, **p < 0.001 vs. C. pneumoniae-induced cells without chemicals, determined by the Student t-test. (A) Decreasing, (B) Increasing effects.