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. 2019 Jun 26;10:1368. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01368

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Copyright © 2019 Cheng, Eade and Wiedmann.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Illustration of NTS O- and H-antigens, comprising the serotyping scheme defined by Kauffman-White-Le Minor. The antigenic formula of a serovar is composed of the subspecies (I -VI), the O-antigen (numbered), and the flagellar antigens called phase 1, phase 2, and phase 3 (if present). Some serovars have lost their phase 1 and/or phase 2 antigen and others have gained additional flagellar antigens (phase 3). The O-antigen illustrated represents the terminal side chain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Salmonella, which is composed of an inner and outer core of primarily polysaccharides bound to Lipid A; the O side chain is composed of repeating saccharide units, and is the subunit of LPS that differs between serogroups. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg, the NTS serovar modeled here, is the common name of the serovar having antigenic formula I 1,4,[5],12:r:1,2.