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. 2019 Jun 20;10:1404. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01404

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Increased gut barrier permeability is insufficient to reproducibly increase hepatic APR markers in response to a single oral gavage with LPS. Two different approaches were taken with to increase gut permeability and enhance translocation of LPS from gut lumen to serum: oral pre-treatment with 10 mg/kg indomethacin (31) and 4 weeks high fat diet (HFD). (32) WT mice (n = 4/gp) were then orally gavaged with 15 mg FITC-dextran and 2 mg E. coli LPS in 200 μl saline. Indomethacin, but not HFD, increased gut permeability to LPS and FITC-dextran, although with excessive background systemic inflammation (A–F). Lower dose indomethacin (2 mg/kg, n = 12/gp), resulted in a ~14-fold increase in circulating LPS 90 min post LPS-gavage, and enabled a plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) response to LPS orally delivered later (G), but hepatic acute phase response (APR) mRNA markers were not reproducibly increased (H). Error bars shown are SEM. P-values vs. control condition, ANOVA with Dunnett's test.