Jiang 2016

Methods	Randomized controlled trial.
Participants	Country: China. Number randomized: 160. Postrandomization dropout: 0 (0%). Mean age: 59.6 years. Females: 42 (26.3%). Pancreatic cancer: 53 (33.1%). Biliary cancer: 36 (22.5%). Duodenal cancer: 28 (17.5%). Ampullary cancer: 33 (20.6%). Chronic pancreatitis: 5 (3.1%). Pancreaticoduodenectomy: 160 (100%). Distal pancreatectomy: 0 (0%). Other pancreatic surgery: 0 (0%). Inclusion criteria: People with planned pancreaticoduodenectomy. Exclusion criteria: People who had undergone explorative laparotomy. People who had undergone distal pancreatectomy.
Interventions	Participants (N = 160) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1: active drain (N = 82). Group 2: passive drain (N = 78).
Outcomes	Mortality, morbidity, wound infection, intra‐abdominal infection, various postoperative complications, reoperation, readmission, additional radiological intervention, and length of hospital stay.
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "we randomized our patients using a computer‐generated random number".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no information provided.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "Patients were prospectively assigned a code and data were recorded in a database by two nurses". Comment: no information provided whether the 2 nurses were blinded.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: there were no postrandomization dropouts.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: all the primary outcomes were reported. There was some selective outcome reporting in the secondary outcomes, but the review authors considered this trial to be free of selective reporting for the primary outcomes.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: the study appeared to be free of other sources of bias.