Table 1.1.
Transcriptional and cellular role of histone modifications
| Modification | Histone Residues Modified | Role in Cell Activity and Transcription | Histone Modification Readers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acetylated Lysine (Kac) | H3 (K4,9,14,18,23,27,36,56) H4 (K5,8,12,16,19) H2A (K5,9) H2B (K5,6,7,12,16,17,20,120) |
Activation DNA Damage Repair |
Bromodomain Tandem PHD |
| Phosphorylated Serine/Threonine (S/Tph) | H3 (S10,28 and T3,11,45) H4 (S1,47) H2A (S1) |
Apoptosis Activation Mitosis (Baker et al. 2010) |
14-3-3 Domain |
| Methylated Lysine (Kme) | H3 (K4,23,36,79) H3 (K9, 27) and H4 (K20) |
Activation Repression |
MBT PHD Tudor Chromodomain WD40 |
| Methylated Arginine (Rme) | H3 (R2,17,26) and H4 (R3) H3 (R8) |
Activation Repression |
Tudor (Yang et al. 2010; Chen et al. 2011) ADD (Zhao et al. 2009) |
| Ubiquitylated Lysine (Kub) | H2A (K119) H2B (K120) |
Repression Activation (Zhu et al. 2005) |
Cps35 (Lee et al. 2007; Zheng et al. 2010) |
| Sumoylated Lysine (Ksu) | H4 (?) | Repression (Shiio and Eisenman 2003) |