Table 4. Association of percent body fat (from skin fold thickness) with cardiometabolic risk factors, age & sex adjusted, at birth, and ages 3 and 5 years.

	Birth Measures			Year 3 Measures			Year 5 Measures
	BF ≥90%	BF <90%	P-value	BF ≥90%	BF <90%	P-value	BF ≥90%	BF <90%	P-value
N	75	597	.	61	527	.	52	455	.
Total Cholesterol mmol/L, mean (SE)	1.67 (0.06)	1.63 (0.02)	0.51	3.97 (0.10)	4.03 (0.03)	0.55	4.19 (0.10)	4.07 (0.04)	0.27
HDL Cholesterol mmol/L, mean (SE)	0.75 (0.04)	0.79 (0.01)	0.29	1.27 (0.04)	1.32 (0.01)	0.23	1.43 (0.05)	1.41 (0.02)	0.68
LDL Cholesterol mmol/L, mean (SE)	0.73 (0.04)	0.67 (0.01)	0.18	2.39 (0.09)	2.39 (0.03)	0.99	2.40 (0.10)	2.34 (0.03)	0.56
Triglycerides mmol/L, mean (SE)	0.40 (0.03)	0.38 (0.01)	0.54	0.70 (0.04)	0.68 (0.01)	0.73	0.80 (0.05)	0.69 (0.02)	0.03
Fasting Glucose mmol/L, mean (SE)	4.05 (0.13)	4.37 (0.04)	0.02	4.60 (0.06)	4.47 (0.02)	0.04	4.75 (0.05)	4.61 (0.02)	0.02
SBP-z, mean (SE)	-0.02 (0.13)	0.01 (0.04)	0.80	0.05 (0.14)	-0.04 (0.05)	0.51	0.55 (0.14)	-0.08 (0.05)	< .0001
DBP-z, mean (SE)	-0.11 (0.13)	0.01 (0.04)	0.40	0.05 (0.14)	-0.02 (0.05)	0.62	0.39 (0.14)	-0.07 (0.05)	0.003

HDL—High-density lipoproteins, LDL—Low-density lipoprotein, SBP-z—Sex and height adjusted z-scores for systolic blood pressure, DBP-z—Sex and height adjusted z-scores for diastolic blood pressure. Significant differences are indicated in bold.

All analysis were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, annual household income, gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, birth weight, and physical activity levels (at 3- and 5-years).