Table 3. Results of final multiple linear regression models for objective and subjective sleep phenotypes.

Response variables	N	Independent variables (in the final model)	β	p
Total Sleep Duration	1029	Gender male	-0.184	< .001
		Age	0.139	.001
		Being employed	-0.129	.002
		BMI	-0.081	.008
		Season Summer	-0.072	.015
		LTH thyroid disorder	0.071	.021
Night Sleep Duration (tr)	1019	Serum 25(OH) D concentration	0.065	.038
		Gender male	-0.214	< .001
		Being employed	-0.147	< .001
		Season Summer	-0.072	.019
		BMI	-0.102	.001
		LTH tyhroid disorder	0.058	.066
Night Sleep Efficiency (tr)	1005	Gender male	-0.167	< .001
		Being married	0.112	< .001
		BMI (centered)	-0.150	< .001
		BMI (centered) x Gender male (centered)	-0.091	.004
Midsleep time (tr)	1021	Serum 25(OH) D concentration (centered)	-0.080	.011
		Age (centered)	-0.154	.001
		Low SES (centered)	-0.060	.050
		Alcohol consumption (centered)	0.192	< .001
		Season Spring (centered)	-0.064	.034
		Being employed (centered)	-0.349	< .001
		Age x Gender male	-0.086	.004
		Age x Being single	-0.114	.001
		Gender Male x Alcohol consumption	-0.127	.001
Wake after Sleep Onset (tr)	1044	Serum 25(OH) D concentration	0.082	.048
		LTH thyroid disorder	-0.086	.024
		BMI	0.078	.015
		Gender male x Being employed	-0.136	< .001
		Gender male x BMI	0.258	< .001
		Gender male x LTH thyroid disorder	0.083	.029
		Gender male x Serum 25(OH)D concentration	-0.152	.030
Daytime Sleepiness (ESS-Score)	1010	Gender male	0.130	< .001
		Being employed	0.206	< .001
		Being unemployed	0.066	.039
		LTH depression	0.074	.017
Subjective Sleep Quality (PSQI-Score) (tr)	985	Age	0.139	< .001
		BMI	0.079	.011
		LTH depression	0.132	< .001
		Gender male x Age	-0.288	< .001
		Gender male x LTH thyroid disorder	0.083	.009
		Gender male x Season Winter	0.085	.012

Annotation: β: beta coefficient; tr: Box-Cox transformed data; BMI: Body mass index; SES: socioeconomic status, LTH: Lifetime history