Table 1.

Preoperative Characteristics by Frailty Category

Characteristics	Total N=175	Robust N= 29	Prefrail N=73	Frail N=73	P- Value
Demographics
Age, mean (SD)	82.3 (7.4)	77.8 (5.7)	82.3 (7.2)	84 (7.5)	0.01
Female, n (%)	131(74.9)	23 (79.3)	54 (74)	54 (74)	0.83
Married, n (%)	72 (42.4)	17 (58.6)	27 (38)	28 (40)	0.57
Living at home prior to admission, n (%)	116(66.3)	24 (83)	56 (77)	36 (49)	0.001
Charlson index, mean (SD)	2.1 (1.9)	1.0 (1.0)	2.2 (1.9)	2.4 (2.0)	0.001
Dementia, n (%)	27(15.4)	0	11 (15.1)	16 (21.9)	0.02
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)
Independent for all ADL, n (%)	101(57.7)	29 (100)	50 (68.5)	22 (30.1)	<0.001
Independent for all IADL, n (%)	54 (30.9)	23 (79.3)	26 (35.6)	5 (6.8)	<0.001
Mini-cog abnormal, n (%)	80 (51.3)	3 (10.7)	28 (43.1)	49 (77.8)	<0.001
No. medications, mean (SD)	9.8 (5.6)	6.6 (5.6)	10.5 (5.7)	10.5 (5.0)	0.03
History of falls in past year, n (%)	96 (55.8)	15 (51.5)	36 (49.3)	45 (64.3)	0.17
Incontinence, n (%)	66 (38)	3 (10.3)	25 (34.2)	38 (53)	0.002
DNR code, n (%)	43 (24.6)	3 (10.3)	13 (17.8)	27 (37)	0.02
Albumin level, mean (SD)	3.6 (0.5)	3.8 (0.4)	3.7 (0.5)	3.5 (0.5)	0.10
ASA score 3–4, n (%)	135(77.1)	12 (41.4)	60 (82.2)	63 (86.3)	<0.001
Fracture type, n (%)
Proximal femoral intertrochanteric	51 (29.8)	6 (22.2)	21 (29.6)	24(32.9)
Proximal femoral subtrochanteric	12 (7)	3 (11.1)	4 (5.6)	5 (6.8)
Proximal femoral neck	49 (28.7)	4 (14.8)	19 (26.8)	26 (35.6)
Proximal femoral periprosthetic	11 (6.4)	1 (3.7)	5 (7)	5 (6.8)
Distal femur	10 (5.8)	1 (3.7)	4 (5.6)	5 (6.8)
Distal femoral periprosthetic	7 (4.1)	2 (7.4)	3 (4.2)	2 (2.7)
Ankle	10 (5.8)	1 (3.7)	6 (8.5)	3 (4.1)
Tibia/Fibula	7 (4.1)	2 (7.4)	4 (5.6)	1 (1.4)
Upper extremity	14 (8.2)	7 (25.9)	5 (7.0)	2 (2.7)

IADL: Instrumental Activities of daily living

DNR: Do-not-resuscitate code