Table 16.3.

Abnormalities in GABA_AR subunit expression in human epilepsies and animal models of SE or epilepsies

Epilepsy type/animal model	Stage in epilepsy	Findings	Reference
Human epilepsies
Human TLE	Following surgery for intractable epilepsy	Decreased GABRA3 protein in temporal neocortex (layers I-III), no change in GABRA1 or GABRA2	[64]
		Increased GABRA3, GABRA5, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3 mRNA in subiculum compared to neocortex	[82]
		Decreased GABRG2 mRNA in subiculum compared to neocortex	[82]
		Decreased GABRA1, GABRA3, GABRB3, GABRG2 protein expression in sclerotic but not in nonsclerotic hippocampus (CA1)	[89]
		Increased GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3 protein expression in both sclerotic and nonsclerotic hippocampus	[89]
Human mesial TLE	Following surgery for intractable epilepsy	No change in GABRA1, GABRB1, GABRB2 mRNA expression in the amygdala	[23]
Human epilepsy due to hypothalamic hamartomas	Following surgery for intractable epilepsy	No change in GABAAR subunit mRNA	[123]
Human epilepsy due to cortical dysplasias	Following surgery for intractable epilepsy	TSC, FCD type IIB	[110]
		Decreased GABRA1 protein
		FCD type IIA
		Decreased GABRA4 protein
		FCD type I or II	[47]
		Abnormal developmental changes in the expression of GABRA1, GABRA4, GABRG2 protein	[47]
Animal models of SE or epilepsy
Post-SE, pilocarpine model, PN10 rats	Nonepileptic (adult)	In dentate gyrus granule cells	[126]
		Increase in GABRA1 mRNA
		No change in GABRA4, GABRD mRNA
Post-SE rats, pilocarpine model, adult male Sprague- Dawley rats	1–8 days post-SE	In CA1 pyramidal neurons	[38]
	Decrease in GABRA4, GABRB2/3, GABRG2, gephyrin protein		[38]
Post-SE rats, pilocarpine model, adult rats	1–5 months post-SE	In dentate gyrus granule cells (hippocampus)	[15]
		Decrease in GABRA1, GABRB1 mRNA
		Increase in GABRA4, GABRB3, GABRD, GABRE mRNA
Post-SE rats, kainic acid, adult male Sprague-Dawley	1 month post-SE	In dorsal hippocampus	[104]
		Increase in GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA4, GABRB2, GABRB3, GABRG2 protein
		Decrease in GABRD
Post-SE rats, kainic acid, adult male Sprague- Dawley rats	7–30 days post SE	In dorsal hippocampus	[113]
Post-SE rats, kainic acid, adult male Sprague- Dawley rats	7–30 days post SE	Decrease in GABRA5 and GABRD mRNA	[113]
Post-SE, Electrically induced, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats	7–30 days post SE	In dorsal hippocampus	[76]
		Increase in GABRA1, GABRA4, GABRB1, GABRB2, GABRB3 mRNA
		Decrease in GABRD mRNA
Post-SE rats, pilocarpine, adult male Sprague- Dawley rats	3–4 months post-SE	In CA1, CA3 pyramidal neurons	[41]
Post-SE rats, pilocarpine, adult male Sprague- Dawley rats	3–4 months post-SE	Decrease in GABRA5 protein	[41]
Post-SE rats, electrical stimulation of the amygdala, adult male Sprague- Dawley rats	Epileptic rats	In hippocampus	[58]
		Increase in GABRB3 mRNA (all regions)
		Decrease in GABRA2 mRNA (CA3c) and GABRA4 mRNA (CA1)
Post-SE, pilocarpine model, adult Wistar rats	Epileptic rats	In cerebral cortex	[67]
		Decrease in GABRA1, GABRG3, GABRD mRNA
		Increase in GABRA5 mRNA
Post-SE, electrical stimulation of amygdala, adult female Sprague- Dawley rats	Epileptic rats	In hippocampus	[8]
	Epileptic rats	Phenobarbital non-responders are more likely to have reduced GABRA1, GABRB2/3, GABRG2 protein expression in the hippocampus than responders	[8]

SE and epilepsies have different effects upon the expression of GABA_AR subunits (GABR). Their effects depend upon the type and/or model of SE or epilepsy, age at seizure occurrence, the region and time point after seizures when the study is conducted, and the specific subunit examined