Table 2.
Prevalence of folic acid and iron salt use by pregnant women in the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort perinatal study, crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and respective confidence intervals (95% CI) (N = 4270 women)
| Iron salts | Folic acid | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude analysis | Adjusted analysisa | Crude analysis | Adjusted analysisa | |||||||
| 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||||
| P (%) | PR | (p value) | PR | (p value) | P (%) | PR | (p value) | PR | (p value) | |
| Ethnicity | (< 0.001) | (< 0.001) | (< 0.001) | (0.03) | ||||||
| White | 68.2 | 1 | 1 | 73.4 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Other | 85.8 | 1.25 | 1.20–1.31 | 1.11 | 1.07–1.16 | 66.6 | 0.90 | 0.85–0.96 | 0.97 | 0.91–1.03 |
| Black | 82.8 | 1.21 | 1.15–1.27 | 1.08 | 1.03–1.13 | 62.4 | 0.85 | 0.79–0.91 | 0.91 | 0.85–0.98 |
| Education (years) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | (< 0.001) | (< 0.001)c | ||||||
| ≤ 4 years | 90.6 | 1.72 | 1.61–1.83 | 1.46 | 1.36–1.56 | 58.6 | 0.71 | 0.65–0.79 | 0.78 | 0.71–0.86 |
| 5–8 | 87.4 | 1.66 | 1.56–1.75 | 1.45 | 1.35–1.53 | 62.7 | 0.77 | 0.72–0.81 | 0.82 | 0.77–0.87 |
| 9–11 | 77.3 | 1.46 | 1.38–1.56 | 1.31 | 1.23–1.40 | 69.9 | 0.86 | 0.82–0.89 | 0.88 | 0.84–0.93 |
| ≥ 12 | 52.6 | 1 | 1 | 81.3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Family Income b | (< 0.001) | (< 0.001) | (< 0.001) | (0.02) c | ||||||
| ≤ 1 | 86.4 | 1.93 | 1.68–2.23 | 1.39 | 1.20–1.61 | 57.9 | 0.68 | 0.61–0.74 | 0.82 | 0.74–0.90 |
| 1.1–3.0 | 80.7 | 1.81 | 1.57–2.07 | 1.39 | 1.20–1.59 | 68.3 | 0.80 | 0.75–0.85 | 0.91 | 0.85–0,97 |
| 3.1–6.0 | 67.3 | 1.50 | 1.30–1.74 | 1.28 | 1.11–1.48 | 75.8 | 0.88 | 0.83–0.94 | 0.95 | 0.89–1.01 |
| 6.1–10.0 | 48.8 | 1.10 | 0.91–1.31 | 1.06 | 0.89–1.26 | 77.6 | 0.90 | 0.84–0.98 | 0.92 | 0.85–1.00 |
| > 10.0 | 44.6 | 1 | 1 | 85.3 | 1 | 1 | ||||
a Model adjusted for ethnicity, family income and years of education
b Monthly minimum wage in 2015 (R$788 or $201)
c p-value: χ2 test for trend
Pelotas, RS, Brazil, 2015