Table 2.

Structural and Interpersonal Barriers to Healthcare Seeking and Provision.

Structural Barriers
Theme	Subtheme
Poverty	Unemployment/underemployment
	Lack of health insurance/lack of money for co-pays, medication
	Choosing between bills, co-pays, or medication
	Apathy
Rurality	Lack of public and private transportation
	Lack of Medical Specialists
Insurance Restrictions	Restricted treatments/medications
	Wait times for treatment approvals
Medical Guidelines	Guidelines constantly change/cycle
	Guidelines could limit individualize patient care/clinical judgement
	Economic Influences
Racism	Feeling disrespected
	Apathy
Interpersonal Barriers
Fear	Stigma of illness
	Fear of severity of illness/death
	Fear of medication and side effects
Prevention of disease is low priority	Care taking/family provider responsibilities
	No need to seek healthcare as long as physical ability is not impacted
Gender and gender socialization	Seeking healthcare is a feminine activity
	African American men are socialized to be “macho”
	African American men do not discuss personal health issues
Medical distrust	Kickbacks from pharmaceutical/insurance companies dominate physician’s provision of care
	Feeling that healthcare provider is impersonal/uncaring/does not listen